Project participants:

Implementation: teacher Popovtseva O.V., music director Palekhova O.V.

Target group: pupils of the preparatory school group, parents of pupils.

Project scope:

By implementation time– short-term (6 months)

By number of participants: 20 children, 22 adults

Basis for developing the problem

The Urals are “a rare place both in terms of craftsmanship and beauty.” It is impossible to experience the beauty of the Urals without visiting the amazing Ural ponds and lakes, pine forests, and legendary mountains, enchanting with peace and quiet. Here in the Urals, talented craftsmen lived and worked for centuries, only here could Danila the master sculpt his stone flower, and somewhere here the Ural craftsmen saw the Mistress of the Copper Mountain.

Indeed, the Ural people love their nature very much, but they are rather new to the wealth of the Ural fairy-tale literary heritage. But the images created by Pavel Bazhov are directly related to national self-identification. According to the apt expression of the historian and professor of linguistics Maya Nikulina, the nature of the language conveyed in the Ural tales of Pavel Bazhov is the language of the Russian Odyssey. And “Bazhov himself is, by today’s standards, a real cult writer,” who created a new Ural mythology based on legends and traditions preserved by the ubiquitous rumor, which continues to jealously guard the magic of the Place and its main realities - Stone, Mountain and Caves. M.P. Nikulina, historian: “Bazhov’s roots should be sought not in the workers’ Ural folklore, but in a more vast and distant space - in ancient myths, which openly insist that the Urals are a marked land, occupying a special place on the planet.

Pedagogical practice shows that in the consciousness of the younger generation there is no fact of a mythological plot about the Earth on which they were born. There is no frank knowledge about the native land and the very phenomenon of the Urals, as the heart of Russia, the holder of the foundations of its ancient mythology.

A problem is identified: the lack of systematic knowledge about the works of fiction of Ural writers, in particular P.P. Bazhov.

Causes of the problem:

1. The educational program provides for the inclusion of a regional component, but the content of the “Fiction” section does not allow for a full introduction to the works of the Ural storyteller within the framework of direct educational activities.

2. Modern society builds its life in the light of the latest resources and information, sometimes forgetting that the past and future of humanity are connected. Family education pays less and less attention to familiarizing children with the traditions and culture of their small homeland, including due to the low level of competence of parents in this matter.

3. There is an information starvation in the field of propaganda in the field of historical and cultural heritage and traditions of the native land.

It is possible to convey to our children the unique, enchanting image of the Urals by achieving the goal: deepening knowledge about the culture and traditions of the Ural people through familiarization with the works of the storyteller P.P. Bazhov.

Tales of P.P. Bazhova are very colorful and picturesque. Its color is designed in the spirit of folk painting, folk Ural embroidery - solid, thick, ripe. The color richness of tales is not accidental. It was generated by the beauty of Russian nature, the beauty of the Urals. The writer in his works generously used all the possibilities of the Russian word to convey the variety of colors, its richness and richness, so characteristic of the Ural nature.

The Ural land itself gave birth to legends and fairy tales. P.P. Bazhov learned to see and understand the wealth and beauty of the mountainous Urals. Bazhov's tales absorbed plot motifs, fantastic images, color, the language of folk tales and folk wisdom. Talking about the art of the Ural craftsmen, reflecting the colorfulness and originality of the old mining life, Bazhov at the same time raises general questions in his tales - about true morality, about the spiritual beauty and dignity of the working person.

Therefore, work to familiarize students with tales should be carried out as part of the implementation of pedagogical tasks:

• to form ideas about the Ural writer-storyteller P. Bazhov, his tales as part of the culture of the Ural people;
• introduce parents to the basics of patriotic education of preschool children, aimed at introducing them to the cultural heritage of their native land;
• to create conditions for expanding the social experience of preschool children in the process of becoming familiar with the historical and cultural heritage and traditions of the Urals.

Project implementation

Tasks	Events	Preparatory work	Term	Responsible
1. To form children’s ideas about the Ural writer-storyteller P. Bazhov, his tales as part of the culture of the Ural people.	1. Reading works, educational cycle classes (getting to know the writer)	1. Preparation of lesson notes, selection of works.	February - July	teacher
	2. Creation of a thematic album “P.P. Bazhov for children”	2. A selection of postcards, pictures, reproductions.	April – March	Teacher, parents
	3. Creating a library in a group.	3. Work with parents to replenish the developmental environment of the group space.	February - August	Educators, parents.
	Creation of the mini-museum “Ural Gems”
2. To acquaint parents with the basics of patriotic education of preschool children, aimed at introducing them to the cultural heritage of their native land.	Literary lounge for parents “Tales of P.P. Bazhov. Russian Odyssey"	Create audio, video piggy banks, replenish the library with material, accumulation of souvenir groups, song repertoire.	February - May	Educator, parents, muses
	Design of the information thematic stand “Mountain of Gems”
	Workshop “Introducing preschoolers to their native land”
3. Create conditions for expanding the social experience of preschool children in the process of becoming familiar with the historical and cultural heritage and traditions of the Urals	Visit to the Berezniki Historical and Art Museum. Program “Visiting the Great Poloz”	Creation of a thematic album “Stones of the Urals” Memo to parents “Introducing a preschooler to culture, its influence on the comprehensive development of the child” Involving parents in joint cultural outings.	June – August	Educators Teachers, parents
	Joint event with the Local History Library “Native Book”
	Visit to the traveling exhibition “Placers of the Ural Land”

Based on the results of work within the project, the following results are expected:

• more complete ideas about the work of the Ural storyteller P.P. Bazhov, the culture and traditions of his native land;
• the formation of patriotic feelings, preschoolers defining themselves as part of the people, a representative of the Urals;
• active position of parents of pupils in the process of introducing children to their native land;
• development of social skills in preschoolers in the immediate social environment.

Broadcast of the project

Contest« Project activities of junior schoolchildren»

Introduction

I chose this topic because I have been collecting stones for 3 years; I am very interested in discovering the properties of stones and minerals. Traveling into the world of stone is a very exciting experience. When I look at the stones, it’s as if I’m traveling into the distant past of our planet and the area where I live.

There are countless different stones on Earth: beautiful and not so beautiful, of different colors and shapes. Beauty! I admire the stones and think: after all, each of them contains some kind of secret and a hundred mysteries. And not all of them have probably been revealed and solved. And how much these stones have seen in their lifetime!

So I wanted to know what secrets they conceal. How many are there, how do they differ from each other, are there edible stones, the history of their appearance on Earth, and what benefits do stones bring to people?

Purpose of the study- study of the diversity of the world of stones and minerals in the Perm region.

Research objectives:

1. Identify the features of the appearance, properties and diversity of stones and minerals.
2. Systematize information about stones and minerals obtained from libraries, museums and other sources.
3. Collect a collection of minerals.

Object of study- are stones and minerals.

Subject- properties of stones and minerals.

Hypotheses: Assumption 1: Let us assume that the shape of the crystal directly depends on the internal structure. Assumption 2: If crystals exist in nature, then there is a mention of them in the literature.

In my work, the following research methods were used: studying literature and Internet information, observation, watching documentaries.

Chapter 1. What is a stone?

Where does the history of the stone begin? Academician A.E. Fersman said that the history of stone begins with the most distant eras of human existence. Didn’t stone exist on Earth before the advent of man? Existed. And geology confirms this. The stone is as old as our Earth. It is an integral part of the Earth and especially its upper part - the earth's crust. Stone is inseparable from the Earth and participates in its geological history.

Stone is a natural material and rock used in many industries, including construction. The most common types of minerals and rocks in the form of building and finishing stones:

• Granite - a natural stone of igneous origin, which consists of quartz, plagioclase, potassium feldspar and mica. Color range: gray, red, burgundy-red, red-pink, pink, brown-red, gray-green, black-green with large light splashes. One of the densest, hardest and most durable rocks. Used in construction as a facing material.
• Limestone - a natural stone of sedimentary origin, white, consisting of calcium carbonate (calcite).
• Marble is the most popular and elite stone among natural stones.
• Quartzite-sandstone - a natural stone, a monolith of sedimentary origin, the rock-forming mineral of which is quartz. Color range: yellow, beige, gray natural shades with a pronounced pattern.
• Sandstone - a natural stone of sedimentary origin, consisting mainly of quartz particles. Color range: yellow, yellow-brown, gray, gray-green natural shades.
• Quartzite - a natural stone that belongs to metamorphic rocks consisting mainly of quartz and mica. Color range: gray-green and yellow-brown natural shades, with silver inclusions of mica.
• Slate - a generalized name for various rocks with parallel layering and the ability to split into separate plates; natural stone of dark green, gray, brown, yellow, red and other shades.
• Porphyry - a natural stone that belongs to a fine-crystalline igneous rock with large inclusions of quartz crystals. Color range: dark red, brown natural shades, with black splashes.
• Dolomite - a natural stone of sedimentary origin, consisting entirely of the mineral dolomite. Color range: pink, yellow natural shades.
• Onyx is a decorative and ornamental stone. This stone has an unusual coloring; beautiful and thin stripes give it an unusual beauty.

Natural stone is one of the oldest materials used by people to build houses, bridges or cladding facades. Thanks to its beauty, strength and durability, natural stone can decorate palaces, temples, estates or ordinary houses.

In modern construction, natural stones are most often used for external and internal cladding of buildings. For interior cladding, special marble or granite wallpaper is used.

The combination of mosaic designs and patterned structures gives beauty and richness to the appearance. Natural stone is wear-resistant, frost-resistant and almost does not absorb moisture.

Conclusion. I found out that stone is a natural material and rock. The most common types of minerals and rocks in the form of building and finishing stones.

Natural stone is wear-resistant, frost-resistant and almost does not absorb moisture. Stone is used in many industries, including construction.

Chapter 2. History of minerals

Minerals appeared at a very early stage in the development of the Earth as a planet. They are the very first witnesses of the geological history of the Earth.

The modern definition is as follows: a mineral is a solid body of natural inorganic origin that has a crystalline structure and composition that can be expressed by a chemical formula. That is, minerals are crystals (or crystals), they can be touched, measured, weighed, or at least seen, even through a magnifying glass or microscope. The very concept of “mineral” arose relatively recently.

Of course, it was completely unfamiliar to primitive man. He knew nothing about chemical compositions and crystal structures. All around he saw just stones, and it was enough for him to know those properties that were important in the manufacture of primitive tools and structures. But archaeological finds point to the curious fact that certain minerals (as we would call them today) were of interest to ancient man regardless of their practical use.

Why, for example, did he need a cube of galena, tens of thousands of years later, in 1986, found by American archaeologists during excavations of Paleolithic mounds in the Mississippi Valley? After all, galena, as you know, does not lie under your feet anywhere. An ancient man could have picked it up no closer than a hundred kilometers from the excavation site, where the ore deposit of the Viburnum-Trend strip reaches the surface of the earth. There are no witnesses to this event, and we can only assume that the galena crystal interested the person due to its unusual appearance - brilliance, heaviness.

Until the beginning of the 16th century, the difference between minerals as such and rocks, fossils, ores, and artificial products was still unknown.

The term “mineral” itself, as far as is known, was first used by a learned monk in the 13th century. Albertus Magnus (Albert the Great). In medieval Latin it meant “that which comes from a mine,” “fossil.” The allusion to a practical attitude towards minerals was a reflection of a more mature stage of the division of labor and, accordingly, the differentiation of knowledge: artificial bodies were excluded from the concept of a mineral. But minerals still included any fossils: rock fragments, fossilized remains of animals and plants, as well as water, oil, and coal. The need to separate concepts has not yet matured.

During the Renaissance, the rise of industrial production and trade increased the demand for metals, especially non-ferrous and precious metals. Demand caused intensive development of ore deposits, the development of mining and metallurgy. New questions have arisen for science, primarily regarding ore minerals and their companions in ore veins and deposits. This was the beginning of mineralogy as a science.

Every year 40-60 new minerals are discovered. Nowadays, these are usually some kind of plaque or individual grains, because the minerals that form large crystals and large accumulations have already been noticed and discovered in the past.

With the development of human society and the exploration of nature, new useful properties of the stone were revealed, its use expanded, and its history became more complicated. Therefore, modern life is unthinkable without stone.

Conclusion. Minerals appeared at a very early stage in the development of the Earth as a planet. The term “mineral” was first used by a learned monk in the 13th century. Albertus Magnus (Albert the Great). In medieval Latin it meant “that which comes from a mine,” “fossil.” Every year 40-60 new minerals are discovered. Modern life is unthinkable without stone.

Chapter 3. Useful stones

Halite- a natural mineral of the halogen class, subclass sodium chloride. For an ordinary person, this is rock table salt, which is used daily for food. The history of the mineral goes back to the era of the origin of life on the planet, when the water in the world’s oceans was already salty. That is why the Ancient Greeks called it “halite”, which means “sea”, “salt”.

The chemical formula of halite is NaCl, contains 60.6% chlorine and 39.4% sodium. A pure mineral is transparent, opaque or translucent, colorless or white with a glassy sheen. Depending on additional impurities, it may have shades: with iron oxide - yellow and red tones, organic inclusions - colors from brown to black, clay impurities - gray shades. An interesting blue and lilac color is given to halite by an admixture of sylvite (potassium chloride).

Large deposits of halite were formed hundreds of millions of years ago in North America and Eurasia during the Permian period, when these areas were characterized by a hot and dry climate.

In modern times, rock salt is mined in large quantities in Russia - in the Solikamsk and Sol-Iletsk deposits of the Urals, the Usolye-Siberian basin, located in the vicinity of Irkutsk, the Iletsk districts of the Orenburg region, the Solvychegodsk deposit of the Arkhangelsk region, as well as the Verkhnekamsk region, located in the vicinity of Perm. Self-sedimented halite is developed in the Lower Volga region and coastal areas of Lake Baskunchak in the Astrakhan region.

Coal. Coal is a sedimentary rock that is formed as a result of the decomposition of vegetation remains (ferns, horsetails, seed plants). The main types of coal according to classification are: anthracite coal, brown coal, hard coal. Coal mining is carried out by open (quarry) and closed (mine) methods. Coal is used for heating, energy, agricultural (in the form of fertilizers) and other industries. Coal was the first fossil fuel used by humans. It enabled the industrial revolution, which in turn contributed to the development of the coal industry, providing it with more modern technology.

Granite. Granite is a common crystalline rock, deposits of which are located throughout the planet. Translated from Latin, “granite” means “grain,” which characterizes the structure of the stone. This is frozen intrusive magma, which did not have time to rise to the earth's surface, and formed coarse granite crystals.

The main share of the mineral composition of granite in the amount of 60-65% is occupied by feldspars. 25-30% of inclusions are quartz, and a small percentage is allocated to dark-colored minerals - hornblende and biorite.

Granite has high levels of hardness, strength and density. The stone is 2 times stronger than marble, and its density reaches 2600 kg/m³. It is resistant to low temperatures, moisture and dirt. The stone is subject to melting at temperatures from +700°C.

In terms of chemical composition, granite is an acidic rock, the acidity composition of which can be determined by the amount of silicon dioxide. The higher the percentage of silicon dioxide in granite, the lighter the color of the mineral. Granite deposits have a global scale and are located throughout the planet. More than 50 granite deposits of different types are located in Russia. The Khabarovsk Territory and Transbaikalia, Voronezh, Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions, the Karelian Isthmus and the Urals are rich in mineral deposits.

Chalk. Who among us doesn't know chalk? Whose pockets and fingers have not been soiled by a piece of light stone the color of snow? Who doesn’t know the happiness of artistic creativity of the “Cretaceous” period? Who, as a teenager, has not explored the properties of chalk in “bubbling” experiments or examined a chalk smear under a microscope?

Mineral chalk is a witness to eras that passed tens of millions of years ago. Awareness of this fact changes the perception of familiar material. Having a biological origin, the chalk stone acquired its properties from organisms that lived in time immemorial.

The Cretaceous period is a period of time covering about 80 million years during the reign of dinosaurs. The warm and shallow (30-500 meters deep) seas of that time gave shelter to myriads of tiny mollusks that built their skeletons and shells from calcium extracted from the water.

The remains of these creatures, accumulated in multi-meter layers in bottom sediments, turned into chalk, which is familiar to us. In percentage terms, the chalk mineral is divided into the following parts:
fragments of skeletons - about 10%. We are talking not only about the simplest creatures, but also about multicellular animals endowed with the ability to extract and concentrate calcium salts in tissues.

Conclusion. I learned that there are useful stones such as: halite - a natural mineral; rock table salt, which he uses daily for food; coal was the first type of fossil fuel used by humans; granite has high levels of hardness, strength and density; well known to us, chalk.

Chapter 4. Gems

Gemstones personify the beauty that nature presents to us. Day after day, year after year, it grows in its depths a fabulous splendor that appears before us in the form of wondrous lines and bizarre colors and shades of semi-precious stones.

Nature has a huge number of colored, semi-precious and precious stones, approximately 160 species, but only about thirty species are especially valuable among them - diamond and sapphire, ruby ​​and emerald, tourmaline, topaz, alexandrite, opal, amethyst, turquoise, pearl - these stones are especially appreciated.

The first mentions of gems were found on clay tablets of Babylon, which were created about six thousand years ago, and spoke of sacred amulets-talismans made of carnelian, jade and lapis lazuli. In Ancient Egypt, the love for precious stones was simply enormous - they were used to decorate clothes, buildings, furniture and even kitchen utensils. The Egyptians knew almost all precious stones.

During the Middle Ages, many scientists became interested in studying the magical properties of stones; minerals and their healing and magical properties were described.

But it was not the magical properties that attracted people much more, but the beauty of the stones - rings, earrings, necklaces made by jewelers adorned kings, kings, and there are legends about the jewelry of caliphs and rajahs; they still have no analogues.

Recently I learned about the healing effects of stones (minerals) on the human body. This section is called lithotherapy. Lithotherapy is the therapeutic effect of stones (minerals) on the human body.

Modern pharmacology uses more than 50 different minerals to prepare various medicines. It is believed that minerals coordinate the vascular circulatory system and brain activity.

• Aventurine - balances emotions, maintains a joyful mood and clarity of mind.
• Aquamarine - relieves stress, eliminates phobias.
• Alexandrite - calms, promotes openness and communication.
• Diamond - improves brain function, enhances the energy of abstract thinking, increases contact.
• Amethyst - relieves headaches, insomnia, strengthens the endocrine system, increases the activity of the right hemisphere of the brain.
• Turquoise - balances emotions, strengthens the sense of mutual understanding.
• Pearls - strengthens memory, brings peace and tranquility.
• Emerald - eliminates affects.
• Corals - strengthen memory, relieve tics, control emotions.
• Lapis lazuli improves visual acuity and reduces pain.
• Malachite - stimulates the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs.
• Jade - stimulates kidney function.
• Opal - enhances the sense of intuition.
• Sapphire - helps in the treatment of diabetes, disorders of the skeletal system, and relieves insomnia.
• Carnelian - strengthens teeth, stimulates speech.
• Topaz - affects the thyroid gland.
• Crystal - improves blood, stimulates the pituitary and pineal glands.
• Amber - stimulates the nervous system, improves the respiratory system, increases hemoglobin in the blood.

Conclusion. Nature has a huge number of colored, semi-precious and precious stones, approximately 160 species, which attracted people with their magical properties, healing effects and the beauty of the stones.

Chapter 5. How to become a collector

I was very young when I first noticed on the roads of the village of Voskresenskoye, where I visited my grandparents for the summer, a stone of extraordinary beauty. It shimmered with all the colors of the rainbow and had a strange shape. As my grandfather explained to me, it was slag, a waste by-product from the production of copper, which was smelted almost 300 years ago at the local Voskresensk copper smelter.

I became very interested in what stones are and what they are like. I began to be interested in them, collect them, I had a desire to know more and more about them and, of course, each time to replenish my collection of stones and minerals.

You can simply collect beautiful, attractive specimens, but the collection of minerals and rocks, which shows how minerals were formed or what geological structure they have, and collecting takes on the features of scientific research.

There are several approaches to forming a collection. You can collect minerals by class according to the reference book, by deposits and regions, by the geological processes of their formation, and by the principle of use in industry. An interesting collection is based on the periodic table, where most elements would correspond to minerals in the form in which they exist in nature.

Each sample must be accompanied by a label indicating the name of the mineral, deposit, date of collection, and catalog number. In general, I advise you not to rely on memory, but to carefully catalog your collection, when over the years it will number hundreds or thousands of specimens; no wonder you will get completely confused without keeping records.

The number should be applied in ink to a small piece of adhesive tape or to white nitro enamel on the less attractive part of the mineral.

A little about storage. Of course, it is not always possible to organize a museum display at home, but it is worth taking care that the samples do not gather dust, do not hit each other, or fall on the floor. Do not store minerals that may become discolored by sunlight (such as amethysts) on open shelves. For samples that are not too fragile, zip bags are convenient; others should be kept in individual boxes with a label attached.

Most minerals can be washed with plain water, but check your handbook; others may require specific cleaning. For example, carbonates become coated when washed with soap; easily soluble minerals, of course, should not be rinsed in water.

Sulfides are susceptible to oxidation, the edges become dull, and a characteristic odor appears. It is advisable to coat hygroscopic and dehydrating minerals with a protective colorless varnish. Opals become cloudy and deteriorate over time; periodic immersion in water is necessary.

Conclusion. There are several approaches to forming a collection.

You can collect minerals by class, by deposits and regions, by the geological processes of their formation, by the principle of use in industry, according to the periodic table. Mineral stones should be stored taking into account their properties.

Conclusion

After doing my research, I found that:

• The inanimate world around us consists of stones, like bricks;
• about 3,500 types of minerals are known;
• the process of mineral formation occurs deep in the bowels of the Earth;
• the only mineral that can be eaten is halite, or table salt;
• minerals are widely used in construction and industry;
• You can look for minerals for your collection everywhere!

Based on the data I received, we can conclude that our life without minerals would be much more difficult, the world of minerals has not been fully explored and is fraught with many mysteries, right under our feet you can find both minerals known to science and discover new ones.

I am very interested in minerals and stones and will continue to collect a collection of minerals.

List of used literature

1. Large series of knowledge. Planet Earth. - M.: Book World LLC, 2004.
2. Klenov A.S. For kids about minerals. - M.: “Pedagogy-Press”, 1996.
3. Carol Varley, Lisa Miles. World Geography. Encyclopedia. - M.: ROSMAN, 1997.
4. I explore the world: Children's encyclopedia: Geography / Author-comp. V.A. Markin. - M.: LLC Publishing House AST-LTD, 1997.
5. Minerals. Treasures of the Earth. - De Agostini LLC, 2009.
6. Children's Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius. Multimedia encyclopedia. - Cyril and Methodius LLC, 2007.
7. http://klopotow.narod.ru/soveti/min_1.html

Completed by: Alexander Anichin, student of grade 4 “B”, Perm. Scientific supervisor: Oborina E. A., class teacher of grade 4 “B”.

Presentation. Stones and minerals of the Perm region

Stone - oh great creation of nature! Have you ever thought that the world exists thanks to stone? Over millions of years, a rock creates a planet. Thanks to stone, people learned to hunt, live, cook food, build homes, and even decorate themselves! All thanks to this simple and familiar stone! There is so much of it under our feet - stones are everywhere. Summer is a good time for a global study of this miracle of nature. We start with a walk. First, we collect stones - large and small, of different colors, shapes and densities.

When the collection is assembled, we test it through drawing. What traces do stones leave? Some “write” very easily, others only “scratch” slightly. Why? They are probably different in composition and density. The softer the stone, the easier it is for them to leave a mark. The best pieces to paint are pieces of man-made stone - foam blocks and bricks. They contain clay, limestone, and gypsum. Charcoal also draws well, which we also came across for research. It can also be called a stone.

The children carried stones without looking, and therefore they brought something that was not quite necessary, I would say not enough stones. But they turned out to be very useful for our second study. Stones are obtained in different ways. For example, during a volcanic eruption, magma and lava solidify - the result is stones. Some are formed in the earth as a result of mixing and caking of sedimentary rocks, others under the influence of temperatures in the bowels of the earth. And now we have in our hands dense pieces, seemingly stones, but with a certain impact they are still quite easy to destroy. The children found pieces of earth (sand, clay and impurities) that were compacted and cemented into stones. Perhaps with further development. these pieces would actually become stones, but they came to us for study. And we began to destroy them.

Destroying the stones was not so easy. And if we took the finally formed stones, it would be even more difficult to destroy them, because the density of these stones is high. But still, stones can be destroyed. And in nature, they fray, become weathered, washed, split, break off. As a result, they not only form, but also collapse, turning into fine gravel, pebbles, and sand.

By the way, about sand. We look at him carefully and come to the conclusion that he is also stones. Only very small ones.

All stones are different. Children take a small pebble and a large one and conduct tests. At the same time they are released to the ground. It was a bit difficult to do it at the same time, but we achieved it. It turned out that large stones reach the ground faster. Why?
“Because they have a large mass,” Arthur declares authoritatively.
Indeed, the greater the mass and size, the sooner the object will fall, because it is not so strongly affected by atmospheric resistance. Speed ​​also depends on the shape. We note that when small stones fall, they actually do not leave any depressions in the sand, but large ones make a hole. With his weight he presses the ground.

This is why space rocks and meteorites leave craters when they fall to Earth. After all, they fly at high speed, from great heights and have a large mass. We test meteorites. We throw stones with different forces, giving acceleration, from different heights, and also in different places - where the earth is more dense and less dense. Checking the dimensions of the recesses.

There was also a test for small stones. We roll them down the hill. Which ones will slide faster? Larger or smaller? Heavier or lighter, smooth or sharp edges?

And then we try to roll them up the hill. This is already more difficult.

Our research continues at home. First, let's watch the cartoon "The Life of a Stone"

And then we take out all our wealth. There are a lot of stones in the house, some from the river, some from the sea, some collected in the yard. They just brought something back from their walk. All stones are different. Children say that they differ in:
- size
- form
- color
- mass
- structure (smooth, embossed, with holes, glitter, etc.)

It turns out that the large size of the stone does not guarantee the same mass. Some large stones weigh less than small ones.

To weigh the stones, I built primitive scales. But the bowls are very inconvenient; you will need to come up with a replacement for them, for example, plastic cups. The children compared stones by weight and found the small ones that were heavier than some of the larger ones.

To understand the variety of stones, we turned to the Internet. We looked at different types of rocks and minerals and looked for similar ones in our own country. Of course, we cannot claim accuracy, but it was very interesting.

We also got acquainted with such unusual stones as coral and amber. It turns out that living organisms take part in their creation. Amber is fossilized tree resin. And corals form polyps. Children with a magnifying glass looked for the hole-houses of these creatures. There was also a story about pearls.

Bathing stones is the next stage of study. I wonder if stones can float? It turned out that they were drowning. But is that all?

And then a couple of waterfowl were found - a piece of foam block and pumice. The latter is of volcanic origin. Solidified lava in which air particles remain - pores. The foam block is specially created porous - with air inside. It is thanks to him that porous stones float on the surface. I wonder if charcoal will sink? Unfortunately, we didn’t grab any coal from the street, so we had to be content with theory.

Bathing rocks is quite exciting. Children discover that rocks change color when they get wet. Some turned red, although initially they didn’t look much like that. Children wash stones, and at the same time we remember that gold is also washed. We look at pictures of gold nuggets, which are also stones. The boys decided to examine their pebbles more carefully, what if they found gold?

What is the temperature of the stone? Having studied all the available ones, the guys come to the conclusion that they are neither cold nor warm. Just like everyone else around. Probably like air? Exactly. The air heats the stones to its own temperature. We are warmer than the air. If you hold stones in your hands, they will become like us - body temperature. How else can you cool or heat stones? At home, the boys decide to use the freezer.

It was decided to heat the second stone in hot water.

It’s interesting how the stones we chose behaved. We heated the stone in the water for just one minute and it turned out to be warm. It took a long time to cool down - about an hour. But they cooled it in the freezer for a long time (in a short time it only became cool) - 1 hour. And so the stone returned to room temperature faster - in 30 minutes. We do not pretend to scientific research, but we draw the conclusion that stones both cool and heat up differently.

Nomination “Pedagogical project in a preschool institution”

I tried to find an interesting educational topic, to create conditions for understanding the ways of active interaction of children with inanimate nature and the ancient world history of stone sculptures, the ethnic culture of our region.

We live in a small, beautiful taiga town where iron ore is mined; in fact, we are walking through treasure with our feet. Every time we walked with the children and found different interesting stones, we collected them and brought them to the group, and this is how we got a collection of stones. But over time, it grew into a mini-museum of the history of ancient stones - megaliths, menhirs of Khakassia.

Target: Creating conditions for the formation of prerequisites for search activities through the implementation of the mini-museum project “What the Stones Say.” Introducing children to the culture of the Khakass people with menhirs, the variety of stones in nature, their features, properties, meaning and use by humans through play and experimental activities.

Tasks:

• Develop research skills. Develop the ability to identify the materials from which stone products are made.
• Enrich the vocabulary of preschoolers.
• To form moral and patriotic feelings for the native land, pride in the cultural and historical heritage.
• Foster a caring attitude towards natural resources.
• To develop an interest in objects of inanimate nature and in experimental activities with them.

First stage- preparatory.

Studying literature, familiarizing with Internet resources, developing a long-term plan. Working with parents.

Second stage- practical.

We collected exhibits for a mini-museum and attracted teachers and children from other groups. Joint activities were carried out through the integration of educational areas. Organization of an exhibition of books: encyclopedias, fiction on the topic of the project. Design of photo albums: “What kind of stones are there”, “What are the stones talking about”. Compilation of the literary collection “Tales of Stones”. Production of attributes for role-playing games.

Third stage- creation of a mini-museum.

• Design of a mini-museum.
• Presentation of mini-museum exhibits to children of other groups.

Fourth stage- generalizing.

• Creation of an electronic photo album.
• Design of the project and its presentation at the pedagogical council.

IN result While working on the project, the children’s cognitive activity increased. They learned about the properties of stones, their features, meaning and use by humans, about the mineral resources of Russia and Khakassia. The children got acquainted with the culture and way of life of the Khakass people, found out that the Khakass created menhirs for ritual ceremonies and treatment for various ailments. The vocabulary of preschoolers expanded, the children learned to look for answers to questions of interest on their own. The degree of parental participation in the life of the group has increased.

Conditions of implementation.This project is carried out on the basis of the MBDOU “TsRR - DS “Dolphin” in a preparatory group for school under the guidance of the teacher of this group. The project is implemented in the joint activities of children, teachers and parents, as well as in the independent activities of each project participant.

Project type: creative, group.

Duration: 4 months.

Appendix: Creative project “What the stones say.”

FLUORITE Fluorite gets its name from the Latin word fluor flow. The stone was used as glass in optical night vision devices. The demand for fluorite as a decorative material is increasing. Jewelry is made from precious stones: bracelets, beads, rings, and sometimes there are boxes, candlesticks, and ashtrays.

ROSE QUARTZ Quartz has been used since ancient times to make jewelry among most peoples of the world. Quartz was first mentioned by Theophastus, then by Pliny, who considered quartz to be petrified ice. The origin of the word “quartz” probably comes from the Vendian “twardy” - hard.

TOPAZ Topaz is an incredibly beautiful gemstone that is often used in jewelry. As a mineral, topaz is excellent for cutting glass. It is most often mined in crystals. This stone was named after the island of Topazion in the Red Sea

MALACHITE Malachite's name comes from the Greek "malache" - mallow (flower). Malachite is a hydrous carbonate of all shades of green. Israel and Ancient Egypt were famous for malachite deposits in ancient times. It was there that the belief was born that this stone was the best assistant to the pharaohs in making decisions. This contributed to the popularization of the use of malachite for making amulets, various jewelry and interior details.

Amber Amber is simply a delightful gift for us from Mother Nature. Amber comes in different colors - yellow, orange, red, white, brown, green, blue and almost black. Very often you can find particles of plants or insects trapped in amber, which is of great importance for both collectors and scientists.

CHALcedony Chalcedony got its name from the Chalcedony area in Asia Minor. Chalcedony is also called “blue moonstone”, “Mecca stone”. Chalcedony is not an ordinary gemstone. Chalcedony is the most popular material for making jewelry, ranging from a luxurious evening necklace to formal cufflinks. The availability of the precious stone and the variety of shades make it so popular for making vases, figurines, mosaics, and interior details.