The expectant mother may not always feel that something is wrong in her body. There are diseases that are asymptomatic. An infection can sit in the body without showing itself, but at the same time have a negative effect. The expectant mother may suddenly become worse, and this may also affect the baby’s health. One of these infections is mycoplasma.

What kind of disease: mycoplasma in pregnant women

Until now, doctors and scientists are arguing about whether this disease is dangerous. Today, mycoplasmosis belongs to the moderately pathogenic sphere. This means that they can be classified as normal flora. And if a woman’s immunity is strong, there are no concomitant diseases, then treatment is not required.

But it is also impossible to say that mycoplasmosis during pregnancy is the norm. The disease is asymptomatic and latent, which is why it is sometimes difficult to identify it before pregnancy. A woman is a carrier of the infection, but the infection itself does not have a negative impact.

It turns out that pregnancy, as a stress factor, as an absolute shock to the immune system, can provoke an exacerbation of the disease. And this becomes dangerous for the health of both the mother and the pregnant baby.

Types of mycoplasmosis during pregnancy

There are many types of mycoplasmosis, and some are completely harmless to the human body. They are introduced into the bodies of birds, animals, and insects. Only three types of infection pose a danger to humans.

Types of mycoplasmosis dangerous to humans:

• Mycoplasma pneumonia– can lead not only to genital diseases, but also provokes pneumonia (pneumonia), as well as cystitis and acute pyelonephritis; an untreated infection during childbirth can affect the baby;
• Mycoplasma hominis) – the most common type of infection, during pregnancy it can be accompanied by itching and burning, and then it has a high probability of affecting not only the genital tract, but also the genitourinary organs;
• Mycoplasma genitalium (genitalium) is a urogenital disease that causes severe inflammation of the uterine cavity and is fraught with ectopic fertilization.

The latter type of mycoplasma can affect the amniotic fluid, i.e. waters in which the baby is in the womb. This is dangerous for the baby. And most often it happens like this: before pregnancy there are no symptoms of any kind, but during gestation they can manifest themselves.

Why is mycoplasma dangerous?

Mycoplasma infection in 96% of cases is a sexual route of infection. Women with a large number of partners who do not use protection are at risk. If there is a carrier of infection in the house, then theoretically you can become infected without intimacy, simply by using the towel of an infected person, for example.

Danger of mycoplasmosis:

• In the active phase, it can lead to miscarriage or frozen pregnancy;
• The development of the disease entails an inflammatory process in the organs of the woman’s reproductive system, which is why women may be diagnosed with “secondary infertility”;
• It is fraught with relapses of genitourinary diseases;
• In the second half of pregnancy, mycoplasmas can damage the amniotic sac, which can lead to water leakage or premature contractions.

It is more difficult to get pregnant for those whose mycoplasmosis has not been treated and has caused complications. But if a woman is diagnosed with mycoplasma during pregnancy, she undergoes treatment, and her partner also undergoes treatment; the prognosis is optimistic. The disease is being successfully treated.

Consequences of mycoplasma during pregnancy if left untreated

It is difficult to detect mycoplasma simply in a smear. Yes, these organisms will be there, but in relatively normal quantities. Therefore, special tests are prescribed, including the PCR method, which can more accurately answer the question of the presence of such diseases.

Treatment of mycoplasmosis:

• Comparison of the risks of the disease’s impact on the body of the mother and child and the impact of antibiotics that quickly cope with the disease;
• The gestational age is taken into account - during the first trimester, as a rule, treatment is not carried out;
• The doctor selects the appropriate method of therapy, and after 30 days the woman will have to undergo a repeat test to see the effectiveness.

Often the disease does not manifest itself in any way, but if symptoms appear, they are as follows: slight itching and burning of the genitals, discomfort during intimacy, pain in the lower abdomen (inflammatory process in the uterine cavity).

If the disease is not treated, then in 90% of cases the baby becomes infected from the mother while following the birth canal. The child may develop inflammation of the eyes, nasopharynx, otitis media, vulvovaginitis in girls, and even sepsis. After childbirth, a woman may be diagnosed with endometritis, which is caused by mycoplasmosis. And children are diagnosed with a disorder of the immune system and mycoplasmosis in the acute phase.

Why is mycoplasma dangerous during pregnancy (video)

It is most reasonable to undergo testing for all hidden infections at the time of planning pregnancy. Both are treated, because the man is a carrier of the disease. Having made sure that everything has been cured or there is nothing to treat, you can plan for the baby without worrying about anything.

Easy pregnancy and childbirth!

What is harmless and easily curable in ordinary life can pose a huge threat during pregnancy - both for the expectant mother and for the baby developing in the womb.

One such infection is - it is also called mycoplasma.

The danger of mycoplasmas during pregnancy

Mycoplasmosis is especially dangerous for pregnant women. Most often, they find out about it only at the antenatal clinic when registering.

You should be checked for hidden infections, including mycoplasmas, before pregnancy.

Why is mycoplasmosis dangerous for the expectant mother and her baby? This disease may cause an abnormal pregnancy. Frequent consequences of mycoplasmosis in pregnant women are improper attachment of the placenta and polyhydramnios.

Microorganisms affect the walls of the vagina and cervix. The inflammatory process can also spread to the amniotic membranes.

In the early stages of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion may occur, as the tone of the uterus may increase.

At later stages, premature labor may begin. The likelihood of their occurrence with mycoplasmosis is 2-3 times higher.

That is why timely treatment of mycoplasma during pregnancy is necessary.

Microorganisms do not affect the fetus, since it is protected by the placenta. Of course, cases of intrauterine infection do occur, but these are just exceptions to the rule.

During childbirth, there is a risk that the baby will become infected with mycoplasmosis as it passes through the birth canal. In children born from infected mothers, it is most often not the genitourinary system that is affected, but the bronchopulmonary tree. During childbirth, mycoplasmas can affect the genitals only in girls.

Children suffer from inflammation of the nose, pharynx, bronchi and lungs. Mycoplasmosis is mainly the cause of neonatal sepsis, meningitis, congenital pneumonia, and conjunctivitis.

The weaker the immune system in children, the more severe the disease will be. It is worth noting that a child may not develop mycoplasmosis after birth. The infection may cause unpleasant consequences in the future.

The disease can cause postpartum complications. The most dangerous is endometritis, which is an inflammation of the uterus. This disease in the old literature was called “puerperal fever.” The following complications of mycoplasmosis may also occur:

• chronic vaginitis – inflammation of the vagina;
• adnexitis (development of chronic infectious, inflammatory processes) – this condition can cause female infertility;
• the development of pyelonephritis is an inflammation that affects the pyelocaliceal system of the kidneys.

Most often, these conditions occur due to infection with Mycoplasma hominis during pregnancy.

Symptoms and methods for detecting mycoplasmas during pregnancy

The disease is dangerous because in approximately 40% of cases it is hidden. It can be completely asymptomatic and not cause any suspicion in a pregnant woman.

Many people learn about this diagnosis already during the examination from the attending physician. You can read about such cases in discussions of mycoplasma during pregnancy on forums.

In 60% of cases the disease makes itself felt.

The first signs may appear several weeks after infection.

Symptoms for mycoplasmosis are the same as for other genitourinary infections; discharge appears. Most often they are light, even transparent.

Itching in the genital area, discomfort during urination, and pain during sexual intercourse may also occur.

List of possible symptoms:

• light or transparent discharge, quite moderate;
• burning, itching (genital organs);
• painful or simply unpleasant sensations when urinating and during sexual intercourse;
• when the uterus and its appendages are already subject to the inflammatory process, the woman may feel periodic pain in the lower abdomen.

Usually these symptoms can be mistaken for manifestations of thrush and not given much importance.

Meanwhile, the infection will spread further, causing erosion, chronic urethritis, mucopurulent endocervicitis, endometritis and adhesions of the pelvic organs.

What tests need to be taken?

If you discover an infection while already pregnant, do not panic ahead of time.

Complications, as a rule, arise only during its active phase.

Diagnosing the infection is quite difficult. Since these organisms are an integral part of the natural human microflora, detection of their presence in tests is not yet a disease.

To understand whether you have mycoplasmosis, you will need to determine how many microorganisms you have. There are several basic diagnostic methods for this.

PCR research

This molecular diagnostic method can detect the presence of DNA of an infectious agent in a sample of material (urogenital smear, urine, etc.). The principle of the study is based on the fact that the number of copies of a specific region (specifically for this pathogen) increases many times over.

This helps to distinguish mycoplasma infection from other similar ones (ureaplasma, gonorrhea, chlamydia). The analysis will either confirm its presence or give a negative result.

The PCR method is considered very effective and reliable, because it is able to detect even single cells of microorganisms. It is used when the diagnosis cannot be confirmed by other types of diagnostics (often for chronic or asymptomatic diseases).

However, even the most insignificant factors can affect the result, for example, the rules for collecting, transporting and examining the material were violated, or the patient took any medications before the analysis, etc. In this case, false negative or false positive results are possible.

If the diagnosis shows the presence of infection (Mycoplasma genitalium), the doctor will refer you for additional examinations.

Research using bacteriological culture

For the cultivation of mycoplasmas, a special environment with suitable nutrients is created. This diagnostic method is also considered very accurate, because it can not only detect the presence of a specific infection, but also determine the number of harmful microorganisms.

In addition, with the help of the doctor, he determines whether mycoplasmas are sensitive to any specific antibiotics in order to select the appropriate treatment.

The test material used is urine, urogenital smear.

Mycoplasmas are classified as pathogenic organisms and treatment is prescribed only if their quantity in the analyzed material exceeds the norm 10. It usually takes several days to obtain the results of the study.

ELISA for determining microorganisms in the blood

- This is another method of effective research, during which it will be possible to determine whether your blood contains specific antibodies or antigens to this particular infection.

Based on its results, they judge not only the presence of a problem, but also the course of its development or progression, that is, at what stage the disease is.

This analysis is highly sensitive and can monitor the entire dynamics of the process (compare the amount of certain antibodies at different times, for example, during treatment).

The most common material for ELISA is the patient's blood. Also, swabs from the genital organs or samples of amniotic fluid (if there is a suspicion of intrauterine infection) can be taken for analysis.

The doctor should explain to you how to properly prepare: take the test on an empty stomach, stop taking various medications and drugs 2 weeks before the test, etc.

The result will be ready very quickly (within 24 hours). If you are infected, your body produces immunoglobulins of different classes: IgA, IgM and IgG. The duration of your infection will be indicated by their titers, that is, the number of:

• if IgG and IgM are detected in the blood, doctors will consider the presence of infection as a primary infection;
• if antibodies are presented only in the isolated IgG class, then with a small titer we can talk about immunity to the disease, and if it becomes dynamic and increases in quantity, we can talk about a chronic infection;
• if IgA is added to them, doctors note an exacerbation. The concentration of this class will directly depend on how severe the inflammatory process is.

Only a doctor can interpret the meaning of titers and decipher the analysis data.

• If titres are below 0.9 a.u., this means that microorganisms have not been identified;
• With values ​​from 0.9 to 1.1 c.u. talk about a doubtful infection;
• If antibodies are present above 1.1, it indicates the fact of infection.

However, as you remember, this does not mean that all complications will affect you, or that the disease will manifest itself at all.

The examination must be comprehensive. The doctor will refer you for general tests and follow-up examinations to make sure the diagnosis is correct.

Is it possible to get pregnant with mycoplasmosis?

With this infection, of course, you can conceive a child, but the pregnancy may become abnormal.

Thus, bacteria can cause improper attachment of the placenta and then spread to the amniotic membranes.

Due to the destruction of these membranes, the risk of involuntary abortion in the early stages increases. At later stages, premature birth is possible.

Statistics show that premature births occur 2-3 times more often. Therefore, pregnancy must be planned, and partners must be tested for mycoplasma together, since immunity to this bacterium is not developed and re-infection is possible.

If a woman is diagnosed with high titer mycoplasma, then it is better for her to put thoughts about pregnancy aside for a while, since by doing this she can jeopardize not only the health of her baby, but also her own.

It is also possible that in an advanced form of mycoplasmosis, pregnancy may not occur. This is due to the fact that bacteria lead to the development of purulent and inflammatory processes that prevent conception.

Treatment

In the modern medical world, there is debate about treatment or refusal of it when mycoplasma is detected in a woman during pregnancy. Recent observations and results of laboratory studies have shown the widespread distribution of this pathogen among healthy women of different ages, which allowed most doctors to consider them part of the normal microflora of the vagina, but still capable of realizing their pathogenic properties under certain conditions.

Even if you took pills before pregnancy, they may become completely unusable during pregnancy. Do not self-medicate and get tested in a timely manner. Stay healthy!

What antibiotics are prescribed to pregnant women for mycoplasma/ureaplasma? Are they dangerous for the child?

For some reason, it so happens that most gynecologists in our country prescribe the drug Vilprafen (international name Josamycin) to pregnant patients with mycoplasmosis or ureaplasmosis. This drug is believed to be safe during pregnancy, but there is no scientific evidence to support this yet. The drug has been studied too little, and the risks of treatment with Vilprafen during pregnancy are still unknown.

All over the world, another drug is prescribed for the treatment of mycoplasma or ureaplasma during pregnancy - Azithromycin. The effect of Azithromycin on the course of pregnancy and on the health of the unborn child has been well studied in large studies. This drug is approved for use in pregnant women.

According to the results of several pharmacokinetic studies of azithromycin in pregnant women [researchers Yuryev S.Yu., Evtushenko I.D., Ogorodova L.M., Heikkinen T., Laine K., Neuvonen P.J., Ramsey P.S., Vaules M.B., Vasdev G.M., and others] azithromycin reaches the fetus only to a small extent, which suggests that it is insufficiently effective for the treatment of intrauterine infections in the fetus. But, on the other hand, the placental barrier prevents significant effects of the drug on the fetus when treating infections in the mother.

Most studies of azithromycin in the treatment of infections in pregnant women have examined not only the effectiveness and tolerability of this drug in pregnant women, but also the safety of its use in the fetus and newborn. Descriptions of individual cases have shown that the use of azithromycin during pregnancy does not lead to an increase in the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and is not associated with the occurrence of any specific malformations in the child, while the incidence of congenital malformations did not exceed the expected level in the population (1-3% ).

Thus, exactly Azithromycin is currently the most preferred option.

Usual treatment regimen: 500 mg on the first day, 250 mg from the second to the fifth day. Remember that self-prescribing antibiotics during pregnancy is very dangerous! The dosage and duration should be determined by the attending physician, who has a more complete picture of the disease and who knows more about the general condition of the patient.

Important! Treatment should begin no earlier than 12 weeks of pregnancy, so as not to harm the baby during the formation of all organs.

Sometimes pregnant women are prescribed medications:

1. Josamycin;
2. Erythromycin;
3. Clindomycin;
4. Rovamycin.

The course of treatment with such drugs is approximately 7-10 days.

At the same time, the doctor prescribes immunomodulators to increase the woman’s immune resistance and prebiotics for normal intestinal functioning (antibiotics destroy beneficial bacteria).

Treatment of mycoplasmosis is carried out in the second trimester of pregnancy.

They use drugs that stimulate the immune system, vitamins, dietary supplements and antibacterial agents. Antibiotics for a pregnant woman are indicated from the macrolide group and can be taken only after the 12th week.

You can overcome the disease and give birth to a healthy child by undergoing treatment under the supervision of a doctor and following all his instructions. Only he can choose the course of treatment and the most suitable medications to ensure the normal course of pregnancy.

If treated incorrectly, the infection may become resistant to antibiotics. When CFU (colony forming units) in 1 ml is less than 100, the negative impact on pregnancy of taking medications may be higher than mycoplasma microorganisms. With such indicators, treatment with antibiotics is not carried out.

A month after the course of treatment, it is necessary to undergo repeated laboratory diagnostics to make sure that the disease is defeated. The woman's regular partner should be examined and treated to prevent re-infection.

Restoration of microflora, after local antibacterial therapy, is also necessary in the vagina. For this purpose, suppositories containing lactic acid bacteria are used: Acylact, Lactobacterin.

During treatment, it is recommended to abstain from sexual intercourse or use barrier methods of contraception. Drinking alcohol is prohibited while taking antibacterial drugs. After completing the course of therapy, it is necessary to undergo a follow-up examination to assess its effectiveness. 10 days after finishing taking systemic antibiotics, the gynecologist takes a smear for examination. A similar procedure is repeated 3 times in the middle of each subsequent menstrual cycle. Only if the result of a bacteriological test is negative in each smear can we consider that the person has been cured of mycoplasmosis.

FAQ:

Previously, I was diagnosed with mycoplasma and ureaplasma, I did not receive any treatment and now I am planning a pregnancy. What do we have to do?

In this situation, you need to take repeated tests for mycoplasma and ureaplasma and visit a gynecologist with the results of the analysis.

It is possible that since the last analysis, your immune system has overcome this infection and now mycoplasma and ureaplasma are no longer present, or their quantity does not pose a threat to a future pregnancy.

If tests for mycoplasma and ureaplasma are positive, then you and your partner may need treatment before planning a pregnancy.

I am pregnant and have been diagnosed with mycoplasma/ureaplasma. Is it dangerous?

Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas can affect the course of pregnancy. Pregnant women who have been diagnosed with mycoplasma or ureaplasma have an increased risk of the following complications:

• “menstruation”, or spotting in the first trimester of pregnancy;
• threat of miscarriage;
• frozen pregnancy and miscarriage in the first or second trimester of pregnancy;
• inflammation of the vagina and cervix during pregnancy;
• premature rupture of amniotic fluid;
• premature birth;
• birth of a child with low body weight (less than 2500g);
• increased body temperature after childbirth (puerperal fever).

Can mycoplasma or ureaplasma cause miscarriage?

Yes, these bacteria can cause miscarriage. The highest risk of miscarriage is observed if the pregnant woman has signs of bacterial vaginosis. Treatment helps reduce the risk of miscarriage.

Can mycoplasma or ureaplasma harm an unborn child?

Unfortunately, it can. If mycoplasma and ureaplasma were detected in a pregnant woman, then the unborn child has an increased risk of congenital mycoplasmosis, which is manifested by pneumonia, meningitis, prolonged jaundice and other disorders.

And finally, maybe everything is not so bad:

Many women experience various urogenital diseases during their lives. Most often, such infections are quickly cured and have no consequences for the body. However, for a pregnant woman, any such disease will pose a significant threat, since the infection can affect not only the mother’s body, but also be transmitted to the child. Mycoplasmosis in pregnant women, like ureaplasmosis, can not only damage the fetus, but also cause intrauterine death. The causative agent of mycoplasmosis in women is the pathogenic intracellular microorganisms mycoplasma hominis and genitalium; often, along with these infections, a pregnant woman is also susceptible to the aggressive effects of ureaplasmosis. Since both mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis during pregnancy have the same etiology, similar routes of transmission, similar symptoms and are treated with identical drugs. The main danger of these diseases lies in the fact that in the initial stages a woman notices absolutely no obvious signs of the disease.

Infectious types and characteristics of pathogens

How does mycoplasma affect pregnancy?

Symptomatic diagnosis and research methods

Only in 50% of cases, the mycoplasma pathogen in pregnant women can be diagnosed by external signs that appear under the influence of the genital microorganism or ureaplasmosis. The first symptoms of infection will appear in a woman 2-3 weeks after infection. Usually they have the same characteristics as with ureaplasmosis - rare mucous discharge of a milky color, itching and burning in the vagina and labia are observed. Mycoplasma in pregnant women affects the process of urination, causing pain and discomfort. It also causes certain inconvenience and pain during sexual intercourse. Often, mycoplasmosis in women during pregnancy can affect a sharp change in the biobalance of natural microflora, thereby provoking thrush and vaginosis.

Diagnosing mycoplasma and ureaplasma during pregnancy is not at all easy. Microorganisms such as genitalium, as well as ureaplasmosis, cannot be detected in a standard smear due to their small size. Infection can only be detected using specific laboratory tests:

• Bacteriological culture;
• PCR analysis;
• Immunofluorescence analysis;
• Using enzyme immunoassay or ELISA.

The most difficult aspect of correct diagnosis is the fact that for the artificial regeneration of ureaplasmosis pathogens and the genital microorganism, a special environment for bacterial culture is required. In addition, it is necessary to determine not only the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the microorganism, but also the degree of its influence on the body of a pregnant woman as a whole.

Mycoplasmosis in women during pregnancy

Plasmosis affects pregnant women in a special way, so it is necessary to check for hidden plasma infections before planning pregnancy. Plasma hominis and genitalium influence the abnormal development of the fetus in the perinatal period. All strains of plasma, and ureaplasmosis in particular, can lead to improper attachment of the placenta and polyhydramnios, as well as affect the endometrium of the walls of the vagina and uterus. The infectious process can also negatively affect the amniotic sac. And in the first trimester, due to illness, spontaneous abortion can occur, caused by increased uterine tone. In the fourth trimester, the disease can negatively affect the timing of gestation and then the baby will be born premature. The probability of such an outcome for a woman is 30% of all pregnancies of infected mothers. Therefore, it is so important to choose the correct and timely treatment for a pregnant woman.

Mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis are not able to affect the fetus itself, since it is reliably protected by the placenta. But there is a high risk of infection of the baby during the passage of the birth canal. In children who inherited the disease in this way, the hominis and genitalium types most often affect not the genitourinary system, but the respiratory system, and only in newborn girls the disease can affect the genitals, and over time transform into ureaplasmosis. The inherited disease will affect the functions of the bronchi, pharynx, nose and lungs. Hominis plasma can also be the underlying cause of pneumonia, conjunctivitis and meningitis. The form in which the infection will occur is influenced by the general level of immunity in the child. The disease will not always make itself felt immediately after childbirth; sometimes it is latent and can manifest itself in preschool age.

Sick women in the postpartum period may experience endometritis and acute uterine inflammation caused by ureaplasmosis. As well as chronic vaginitis, adnexitis and pyelonephritis. These diseases occur under the influence of the hominis strain.

Medications during pregnancy can only be prescribed by a qualified specialist. Since mycoplasmas of the genitalium and hominis types, like ureaplasmosis, are sensitive only to the macrolide group of antibiotics, most of which are contraindicated at this time. It is recommended to prescribe drugs only if more than 100 colony-forming units were detected during diagnostic analysis.

During the period of bearing a baby, any disease, even the simplest one, can become a real threat to the fetus and mother. For this reason, a woman must take care of her health with redoubled force - for two.

Timely detection of infectious diseases will help save nascent lives. It is also important to conduct comprehensive examinations before pregnancy - this will eliminate all risks during pregnancy and childbirth. During pregnancy, a diagnosis of ““ is often made. What is it and is it dangerous? Let's figure it out and find out whether it's worth panicking with such a diagnosis.

This is an infectious disease of the genitourinary or respiratory system, caused by mycoplasmas. These microorganisms are divided into several groups. Scientists have not yet studied all categories of mycoplasma and highlight only those that are well researched and amenable to analysis.

Microorganisms of the types Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma pneumonia are dangerous to humans. The last type causes diseases of the respiratory system, the first two – genitourinary. Essentially, mycoplasmas disrupt the functioning of healthy cells in the body. As a rule, they are activated along with other viruses, microbes or bacteria. By themselves, they rarely provoke any disease.

Mycoplasma can be in a woman’s body and not manifest itself in any way. However, as soon as the body weakens or “catch” an infectious disease, microorganisms become active. The consequences can be dire. Mycoplasmas are quite difficult to identify without targeted research.

Mycoplasmosis is often detected together with other infectious diseases that are transmitted sexually or through household objects.

Causes of the disease

The main cause of the disease is considered to be promiscuous, unprotected sex life. Since mycoplasmosis is activated, as a rule, against the background of other infections, almost any infectious diseases of the reproductive system can be attributed to the causes. It is very important to use protective equipment during sexual intercourse both before and during pregnancy. This will reduce the risk of mycoplasma activation significantly.

The cause of the development of the disease may be insufficient hygiene during pregnancy. You cannot use other people's towels, underwear and other personal hygiene items. A woman should have her own things that no one else uses. This is especially true for women who have a very weak immune system.

Mycoplasmosis can develop against the background of any stressful situations, which is why doctors always recommend a calm and measured lifestyle during pregnancy.

No outbursts of emotion. The disease can make itself felt due to hypothermia of the body. In fact, this is also stress. Dress appropriately for the weather in comfortable clothes.

Mycoplasmosis is more often detected in women who have a malfunction in the immune system. It is very important to balance your diet and take vitamins during pregnancy. This will significantly reduce the risk of developing the disease.

Symptoms

As such, there are no specific symptoms of mycoplasmosis. The disease can be determined by the accompanying manifestations of diseases such as vaginitis or.

Microorganisms affect the mucous membrane of the vagina or urethra. That is, the symptoms will manifest themselves as consequences of infectious diseases - vaginitis, urethritis.

The most common symptoms include:

• A burning sensation may occur when urinating. Itching is also typical.
• Mucous formations of a transparent, yellowish or gray color may be released from the vagina. They can be scanty or abundant.
• Inflammation of the urethra may occur.
• Characteristic pain in the lower back, as often happens during the menstrual cycle.
• Aching, dull pain in the lower abdomen is possible due to the process of inflammation of the uterus and appendages.
• During sexual intercourse, discomfort or even pain often occurs. They occur due to inflammation of the organs of the reproductive system.

If these signs appear, a woman should immediately consult a doctor to identify their cause. Symptoms do not appear immediately after infection. It may take several weeks; in some cases, mycoplasmosis appeared after 3-4 months.

For pregnant women, it is very important to identify the disease in a timely manner. Otherwise, everything may end in the loss of the child. However, often mycoplasmosis is only observed for the reason that the disease may not pose a real threat to the baby or mother. Treatment is prescribed only when a pathological process is observed in the baby.

Diagnosis of mycoplasmosis

A routine examination on a chair and collection of smears is not enough to detect the disease. The whole difficulty is that microorganisms are too small and it is impossible to see them under a microscope.

To diagnose mycoplasmosis, a number of studies are prescribed, which include:

• Molecular genetic diagnostics ()
• Bacteriological culture
• Immunofluorescence (RIF)
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
• , genitourinary system

If the picture needs to be obtained quickly, they resort to diagnosis using RIF or ELISA. Results are provided immediately after just a few hours. However, they will be inaccurate - up to 70% accurate.

The most reliable methods are PCR studies and bacteriological culture.

With the help of the latter, mycoplasmosis is detected 100%. An ultrasound examination is performed to collect information about the extent of damage to the genitourinary system.

Along with identifying mycoplasmosis, a number of tests are carried out to identify other infectious diseases. Testing for mycoplasmosis is recommended for all women planning pregnancy. The other partner should also be tested. Both the expectant mother and father undergo treatment.

Doctors have different opinions on this matter. Some argue that mycoplasmosis poses a real threat to the baby, others do not agree with this. Infection of the fetus occurs very rarely, since it is reliably protected.

However, the inflammatory process during mycoplasmosis can affect the membranes. In this case, they may rupture. As a result, premature birth occurs, which is already a complication of the disease.

The disease can cause:

• Spontaneous miscarriage.
• Polyhydramnios.
• Postpartum complications (high maternal temperature before and after childbirth).
• Infection of the fetus during childbirth.
• Incorrect attachment of the placenta.
• Diseases of the genitourinary system.
• Premature birth.
• Indications for caesarean section.

All these complications appear in case of mycoplasma activity. If a woman is a carrier of microorganisms and they do not manifest themselves in any way, a doctor monitors her and constantly tests for infection.

It is impossible to say unequivocally that mycoplasmosis is dangerous to health. Everything will depend on the specific situation. In some cases, complications arise, in others everything goes well, including childbirth. It is important for the expectant mother to visit the doctor in a timely manner and report all suspicious symptoms. This will reduce the risk of developing dangerous diseases many times over.

Treatment regimen for infection

Treatment of the disease is prescribed when there is a real threat to the mother. If a woman is a carrier of microorganisms, treatment is not carried out. The regimen includes antibiotics, antimicrobial drugs and local treatment with creams, suppositories, tablets, and antiseptic douches. Tetracycline antibiotics are used more often, since the microorganism turned out to be sensitive to it.

In addition to antibiotic therapy, the woman is prescribed courses of multivitamins. It is very important to strengthen the body’s protective functions so that it fights the infection on its own. Immunostimulants and eubiotics are also prescribed. The selection of drugs is carried out individually and largely depends on the clinical picture of the patient.

Treatment of the sexual partner is also considered necessary, otherwise the woman will become infected again.

The course of treatment usually lasts ten days, sometimes more. Then the collection is repeated. After about a month, an examination is carried out using PCR diagnostics. It is better to refuse sexual activity during the treatment period and after collecting the latest tests.

In some cases, microorganisms are resistant to treatment. This happens rarely, in about 10% of cases. In this situation, the doctor changes the treatment regimen - antibiotics. Treatment of mycoplasmosis in pregnant women is prescribed only if there is a threat to the life of the fetus or mother.

Possible complications

Mycoplasmosis during pregnancy is a dangerous disease that can cause dangerous and serious consequences.

If mycoplasmosis is not treated, various complications may occur. Often a woman does not even suspect that she has this disease. Therefore, it is so important to do timely examinations for mycoplasmosis. Especially during pregnancy.

If the disease is advanced and not treated, the following complications may occur:

• Chronic inflammation of the urinary tract or cystitis.
• Malfunctions of the immune system, resulting in rheumatic diseases.
• Chronic inflammation of the vagina and urethra – urethritis, vaginitis.
• Adnexitis - infection and. As a result of this disease, it may occur.

If a disease is detected, it must be treated, even if pregnancy is not planned. The health of women, men and their future children will depend on timely diagnosis and proper treatment.

Prevention of the disease comes down to basic rules of personal hygiene, orderly sex life and proper nutrition.

More information about mycoplasmosis during pregnancy can be found in the video:

Any one can be prevented or avoided altogether. Prevention measures include:

• Lack of promiscuous, casual sexual intercourse.
• Using a condom during sexual intercourse is a protected method.
• Maintain personal hygiene rules - use only your own towels, do not wear someone else’s underwear, be sure to wash new ones before wearing.
• Lead a healthy lifestyle - exercise, yoga or just jogging in the morning, do not smoke or drink alcohol.
• Eat right and have a balanced diet. Don't go on endless diets.
• Visit your gynecologist regularly. Get a full examination when planning a pregnancy.
• If mycoplasmosis is detected, strictly follow the instructions and prescriptions of your doctor. After treatment, be sure to undergo a re-examination.

Following these simple preventive measures will relieve you from unpleasant diseases during pregnancy and before. Do not forget that a woman’s health often depends on herself. Lead a healthy lifestyle and visit your doctor once every six months. In this case, the pregnancy will go well.

What is harmless and easily treatable in everyday life can pose a huge threat during pregnancy - both for the expectant mother and for the baby developing in the womb. One such infection is mycoplasmosis - also called mycoplasma.

In the body, mycoplasma has an elongated snake-like shape. It seems to be screwed between the cells of the body to which it is attached, and therefore disrupts their work. However, experts still have not figured out how they cause the disease.

In the external environment, mycoplasmas quickly die, but nevertheless, you can “plant” them with yourself through domestic or sexual contact. For example, trying on underwear after a stranger, drying yourself with someone else’s towel.

Mycoplasmosis has few symptoms - it occurs latently and in fact, half of the patients do not feel the disease. For the same reason, diagnosing mycoplasma is quite difficult. In addition, mycoplasmas are very small: they cannot actually be detected microscopically. Mycoplasmosis is detected by taking smears using the polymerase chain reaction method (this is called PCR-DNA diagnostics), or the immunofluorescence method.

During pregnancy, mycoplasma worsens and leads to complications, and therefore getting sick during this period is very dangerous. Experts say that mycoplasma is directly related to spontaneous abortion and “frozen” pregnancy.

It is rare that mycoplasmas do not affect the fetus, but the risk of premature birth increases greatly. The placenta protects the baby from this infection, but the inflammatory process caused by mycoplasmas is very dangerous, since it can spread from the walls of the vagina to the fetal membranes. They, in turn, can rupture, then the amniotic fluid will recede and begin.

If the mycoplasma infection is too active, then pregnancy occurs with special complications: possibly improper attachment of the placenta, postpartum complications in the mother, pathology of the mother’s urinary system.

The frequency of intrauterine infection with mycoplasmosis is up to 20%. If the disease is severe, the kidneys, liver, nervous system, eyes, skin, and lymph nodes may be affected. Mycoplasma can affect the fetus at the genetic level.

But all these complications develop only if the disease is in the active phase, if the pregnant woman is just a carrier of the infection, then the doctor recommends that she simply constantly carry out.

Mycoplasma is treated in the second trimester of pregnancy. Antibacterial drugs and immune stimulants are usually prescribed. Treatment is carried out only together with a sexual partner, otherwise re-infection is inevitable, because resistance to this disease does not arise.

Especially for- Maria Dulina