Being a single mother is a Herculean task. A woman carries a baby alone, gives birth, and then raises it. Unfortunately, she has no one to expect moral support from, but she can receive financial assistance from the state. How much do single mothers earn? What social guarantees and payments are possible for them, and how can they raise a child if they are left all alone?

Who is a single mother?

It is worth immediately noting that Russian legislation does not regulate which women can apply for this status and which cannot. But how to obtain the status of a single mother in this case?

Officially, single mothers are women who give birth and “raise” children alone, while the baby officially does not have a father. A woman should not be in a formal union with a man while she was pregnant.

In addition, women raising adopted children on their own can also expect to receive this status. How to obtain single mother status if the baby was taken from an orphanage? The same rules apply here, that is, the mother must not be married and the adopted child must not have an official father.

Roughly speaking, single mothers include all women whose children have a dash in the “father” line on their birth document. When registering a baby, a woman receives a special certificate that documents her status.

Does the state help?

Despite the fact that government officials from time to time show interest in single mothers and try in every possible way to help them financially, the state budget is strictly limited.

To the question of how much single mothers earn in Russia, the answer can be unequivocal: not much. Of course, women with this status have some privileges compared to mothers in two-parent families, but the income cannot be called large.

State guarantees for single mothers

Any woman, including a single mother, who is officially employed, has the right to receive maternity benefits. To do this, the expectant mother must register with the antenatal clinic before three months of pregnancy.

The lump sum payment is calculated based on the woman’s average monetary income. What child benefit does a single mother receive when making a lump sum payment? Last year, the benefit amount was 33,089.10 rubles.

It is also worth noting that not only working women, but also unemployed mothers are entitled to receive a one-time subsidy. Last year, the size of the payment did not reach 15,000 rubles, but every year its size increases (is indexed).

Also, single mothers, like women with two-parent families, until their child reaches the age of 1.5 years, can count on a monthly benefit that is 40% of her average salary.

What else can mothers without work count on?

The state is trying to help not only working single mothers, but also unemployed women who are raising their children on their own. How much can a non-working single mother count on? Benefits are transferred only if a woman is left without a monthly income against her will. In 2016, the payment amount was 2,718.34 rubles for 1 child and 5,436.67 for 2 children.

Sometimes a non-working mother can receive 40% of her previous earnings. However, this is only possible if she is left without a job due to the liquidation of the enterprise.

After the baby’s age has exceeded 1.5 years, any mother, including a single mother, will receive only 50 rubles per child until he reaches the age of three.

Documents required for status registration

Before figuring out how much single mothers receive, a woman needs to formalize her status. To receive benefits and payments, you need to collect a certain package of documents. Here is a sample list:

• a statement drawn up according to the sample;
• passport;
• documents that would confirm the fact of the birth of the baby;
• a certificate confirming that the family consists of only two people;
• a certificate issued by the registry office of the mother;
• a certificate confirming the child’s residence in this region;
• documents to confirm the official income of the mother;
• details for transferring funds.

After the documents are collected

After a single mother has collected the entire package of documents to receive benefits and payments, she needs to transfer all the papers to the social service. It is advisable to submit documents in person, but it is also possible through a representative. In the latter case, the representative must have in his hands a document stating that the single mother trusts him to transfer documents, certified by a notary.

The social service worker must personally verify that all the papers have been collected correctly and in full, and after that he sets a period during which it will be decided what payments are due to the single mother.

It is worth remembering that the period for reviewing papers cannot be more than 10 working days. You can also submit documents through multifunctional centers and electronically in your personal account on the State Services website.

On electronic services everything is also described in detail, what benefits a single woman can count on and how much single mothers receive.

Regional guarantee for one-time payments

Not only the state, but also local authorities (most often regional authorities) help single women. Most often at the regional level it is provided one-time benefit (single mothers can count on it if they collect the appropriate documents).

For example, in Moscow, if a woman is under 30 years old, she is entitled to a payment of five times the subsistence minimum for one child, seven times for two, and ten times for three or more children.

To receive such a payment, a single mother must have a residence permit in the city of Moscow.

In the Krasnodar Territory, all large families receive a payment of 100,000 rubles. Also in the cities of the Krasnodar Territory, it is provided for the issuance of land plots to parents with many children, although without ownership rights and without the right to sell the plot.

Monthly allowance for single mothers at the regional level

Regional authorities have the right to independently establish monthly payments to single women.

For example, A single mother in Moscow can receive, in addition to maternity leave, another monthly 2,500 rubles per child until he reaches the age of one and a half years and from the age of three until he reaches adulthood. A payment of 4,500 rubles is provided to single Muscovites who are raising children aged 1.5 to 3 years. Additionally, single mothers in Moscow can receive almost 1,500 rubles more for high food prices and low quality of life.

Similar payments exist in almost all Russian regions. At the same time, the woman retains the right to receive them even if she is married. But if a man decides to adopt a child, then all benefits and allowances will automatically be withdrawn from the mother.

Guarantees for single mothers from employers

It doesn’t matter at all what benefits a single mother is entitled to and how much single mothers receive; in any case, such women have the right to certain guarantees from employers.

1. A single mother cannot be fired while she is raising a child under 14 years of age alone. And here the employer will not be able to violate this requirement. A single mother cannot lose her job even if she does not meet the requirements for the position.
2. If an enterprise where a single woman works is liquidated, the employer is obliged to provide her with another job while maintaining her earnings.
3. If a woman is being treated in a hospital with her baby, then the sick leave is calculated based on her length of service, but if the mother is being treated with the child at home, then the first 10 days of sick leave are paid in full, and after that half of the earnings are retained.
4. If a child under school age falls ill, sick leave is paid in the amount of 100% of average earnings.
5. A single mother can take 2 weeks of vacation at any time convenient for her.
6. Single mothers do not have the right to refuse employment due to the presence of a baby. If the employer ignores this requirement, then the woman must demand a refusal from him in writing and report the violation to the appropriate authority.
7. A single mother cannot be required to work overtime.

Social guarantees

In addition to guarantees from the employer, there are also social guarantees that a single woman can count on.

1. There has always been a long queue at kindergartens, but a single mother should not suffer from this. Benefits for kindergarten are given to single-parent families.
2. A woman raising a child alone can count on free meals for him during his educational process.
3. Single mothers are also provided with compensation for preschool fees.
4. The mother can submit a request for a one-time payment to purchase school supplies for the baby.
5. Provision of some medications free of charge and a 50% discount on the purchase of other medications.
6. Single mothers have priority over two-parent families to receive vouchers to sanatoriums and health institutions for their baby.

Results

So, in the end, it’s worth looking again at who is considered a single mother and what payments a single mother is entitled to.

1. Only a woman who “raises” a child alone, in whose birth certificate there is a dash in the line “father”, can be recognized as a single mother.
2. Single mother status is also assigned to a woman who can document the absence of a second parent for her child.
3. A mother raising a child alone can count on increased social benefits.
4. Some regional authorities establish special subsidies for single mothers, sometimes creating comfortable conditions for them to raise a child.
5. To obtain benefits and payments, a single woman must contact social authorities or multifunctional centers.
6. Some benefits can be obtained directly from the employer or through the State Services portal.
7. In order for social services to be able to establish payments and benefits, a woman needs to collect a certain package of documents.
8. A single mother also receives guarantees from her employer. She cannot be fired, she can choose her own vacation time, she has no right to be forced to work overtime or sent on long business trips.
9. A single mother can receive compensation for kindergarten fees, the right to free meals for a schoolchild, and count on free and discounted medications.

The legal definition of a single mother is extremely simple - a woman who does not have information about the father on her child's birth certificate. This formulation is concise, but not exhaustive. There are a number of subtleties in the procedure for assigning the status of a single mother, which we will talk about in the article.

State assistance to mothers who raise a child alone is expressed in a number of benefits and payments, as well as tax and labor benefits. Some types of benefits have federal status, others are valid only in certain constituent entities of the Russian Federation. What benefits and benefits are available to single mothers in 2019?

Definition of a single mother

A single mother is a mother who is raising a child or several children out of wedlock, if the father of the child has not been established in one of two ways - an application from the father and mother to the registry office on paternity has not been submitted or there is no court order recognizing someone as the father of the child.

A single mother is also considered a woman who gave birth to a child during marriage or in the first 300 days after a divorce, if her ex-husband is registered as the father, but his paternity was challenged in court. When a court decision comes into force that the ex-husband is not the biological father of the child, the mother is immediately assigned single status. The same status is given to a woman who is raising an adopted child alone.

A woman is not recognized as a single mother if she:

• Is divorced from the child’s father (ex-husband) and for some reason does not receive alimony from him;
• Gave birth to a child within 300 days after the divorce (or annulment of the marriage) or death of the spouse. In this case, the registry office registers the child in the name of the former spouse, even if he is not the child’s biological father;
• Is not married and is raising a child whose father is established by the court or voluntarily. It doesn't matter whether she lives with the child's father or not.

Single mother, benefits and allowances

State support for single mothers expressed in a range of cash payments, which are associated with pregnancy and raising a child and up to 18 years of age. The highest payments await a pregnant single mother if she has a long work history and a high average salary.

What benefits and allowances are we talking about in 2019?

1. One-time benefits for single mothers during pregnancy and childbirth . If a woman has work experience, then the employer is obliged to pay a one-time cash benefit when the woman goes on maternity leave, the amount of which depends on the average salary for 2 years, but not less than 34,520.55 rubles. The maximum payment in 2019 is 265,827.63 rubles. If the expectant mother is unemployed and registered with the Employment Center, then the amount of maternity pay will be much lower - 613.14 rubles for each month of maternity leave.
2. Fixed one-time payment at the birth of a child , regardless of the mother’s employment, in the amount of 16,350.33 rubles.
3. At the birth of their second child, single mothers are given cash certificate (maternity capital) in the amount of 453,026 rubles.
4. Monthly payments for a child up to 1.5 years old . If a single mother, after 70 days (postpartum maternity leave), decides to take maternity leave for a period of 18 months, then she is entitled to payments from her place of work in the amount of 40% of her average earnings for the last 2 years. If a woman has less than six months of work experience or an average salary less than the federal minimum wage of 7,500 rubles, then she is entitled to a monthly benefit in the amount of 3,065.69 rubles per child. For the second and subsequent children, 6131.37 rubles are given every month.
5. Child care allowance aged 1.5 to 3 years (if a single mother decided to extend her maternity leave) – 50 rubles. This amount is increased at the expense of regional budgets, but in the end it remains more of a symbolic aid than a real one.
6. Monthly allowance for the third child (and subsequent) at the age of up to 3 years is paid in 2019 in 69 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which have a bad demographic situation. These payments are made on the basis of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 606 and they are provided only to low-income families (including single mothers with low income). The amount of the benefit depends on the regional subsistence level.
7. Monthly payments to low-income single mothers until the child reaches the age of 16 years (18 years - subject to continuing education after school). A single parent is entitled to an allowance, the amount of which in Moscow is 1,600 rubles. This is 2 times higher than the standard support for teenagers from low-income two-parent families (800 rubles).

Labor benefits for single mothers

1. Protection from dismissal . It is possible to fire a single mother from her job only in certain cases. These are either force majeure circumstances that do not depend on the will of the parties (liquidation of an enterprise, a sharp deterioration in the mother’s health), or repeated violations of labor discipline on the part of the woman.
2. A single mother has the right work according to your own schedule part-time. Until the child reaches the age of 5 years, the employer does not have the right to involve a woman in work at night, on weekends and holidays, as well as overtime.
3. When an enterprise is liquidated, its successor is obliged to provide a single mother with work if the child is under 14 years of age. If the child is over 14 years old and is serving in the army on conscription, then the mother is required to remain on staff during job cuts.
4. Increased child care allowance . The amount of payments for the treatment of a child in a hospital depends on the length of the mother’s work experience. If he was treated on an outpatient basis, then the benefit will be paid within 10 days, after which the benefit will be reduced to 50% of the salary, regardless of the mother’s work experience.
5. Right to additional leave . It is implemented if a collective agreement has been concluded at work on the possibility of providing additional annual leave without pay. If the child is under 14 years old, the single mother has the right to take additional leave (maximum 2 weeks) at any time. Mothers of disabled children are entitled to an additional 4 paid days off every month.

Tax benefits

Single mothers are entitled to double. What does it mean? A tax deduction is understood as a certain amount of income from which taxes are not withheld, which actually leads to an increase in take-home pay. Tax deductions are provided by the state to each parent for a child under 18 years of age (or up to 23 years of age if he is in full-time education). Single mothers receive double the tax deduction from the amount that is provided to each parent from two-parent families.

The tax deduction amount is standard and unchanged. It does not depend on income or other benefits received. At the beginning of 2019 the numbers are as follows:

• 2800 rubles – deduction for the first and second child;
• 6,000 rubles – for the third and subsequent children;
• 24,000 rubles – for a disabled child.

A tax deduction for singles is provided until the woman’s annual income does not exceed 350 thousand rubles. After this, personal income tax will be withheld from the full amount. Deductions are valid until the single mother gets married.

Other benefits for single mothers in 2019

In addition to labor and tax benefits and benefits, single parents are entitled to, designed to improve their financial situation. The full list depends on the social policy of regional authorities, therefore different for different subjects of the Russian Federation. We list the most important benefits and benefits for single mothers:

• the opportunity to receive a free voucher for mother and child to a sanatorium every year;
• the right to refuse to pay for garbage removal and territory cleaning services (for residents of apartment buildings) until the child reaches the age of 1.5 years;
• free dairy kitchen until the child reaches the age of 2 years;
• free sets of linen for newborns;
• discounts on tuition fees at art schools (additional education) up to 30%;
• purchasing some medications with a 50% discount;
• free medicines and rehabilitation for children with special diseases (up to the age of 3 years);
• admission of a child to kindergarten out of turn and with a 50% discount;
• free massage room in the children's clinic;
• free two meals a day in school canteens.

Single mothers can count on help in improving their living conditions. The specific conditions of this assistance and the availability of special programs must be found in the social protection departments of your region. An example is the special program “ Affordable housing for a young family ", in which single mothers under the age of 35 have the right to participate.

Single mothers are provided with a number of benefits for paying for housing and communal services, including payment for heating, electricity, gas and water. To receive government subsidies, you should contact the housing office at your place of residence.

Documents for receiving benefits for a single mother in 2019

To receive support, a single mother must submit to the appropriate authority (registry office department):

• application for benefits and allowances;
• passport and its photocopy;
• a copy and original of the child’s birth certificate;
• a copy of the work book certified by a notary;
• certificate of family composition (issued at the MFC);
• a certificate confirming the assignment of single mother status.

The specified list of documents may be supplemented or shortened in some regions.

Benefits for single mothers upon adoption

The legislation of the Russian Federation does not prohibit single mothers and fathers, that is, unmarried persons, from adopting children. In this case, the child will have only one adoptive parent. The adoption procedure is standard, taking into account the minimum age difference between mother and child and some other factors.

The list of benefits and benefits that are available to single mothers who have adopted a child depends on whether she has a job and the length of her work experience, as well as on regional social protection policies. Some benefits may be removed if a woman marries and her spouse also adopts a child .

When transferring a child to be raised by a single mother, a standard childbirth benefit in the amount of 16,350.33 rubles is paid. You can receive this benefit within 6 months after the child is placed in foster care.

Other payments and benefits for single mothers:

• One-time maternity benefit (), if a child under 3 months is taken into care. equal to 100% of the mother’s average salary for 2 years. You can take the benefit at any time before the baby reaches the age of 3 months;
• Standard monthly allowance for child care up to 1.5 years (40% of salary). Paid when a woman goes on vacation or continues to work part-time;
• Child care allowance from 1.5 to 3 years – 50 rubles plus regional supplement;
• Benefit for a child under 16 or 18 years of age, if the mother is recognized as low-income.

Let's summarize. Benefits and tax benefits, as well as other privileges for single mothers, are developed by regional authorities, and the federal budget and legislation of the Russian Federation provide general support. To officially obtain the status of a single mother, you must obtain a certificate from the registry office.

All benefits for mothers and current social protection programs can be found at local MFCs or social welfare departments.

A woman who cares for and raises children without the participation of his father or due to the absence of one is recognized as a single mother. At the state level, such a woman is not entitled to separate support, but she has the right to use all types of subsidies entitled to other mothers. Let's consider how much benefits a single mother is entitled to in 2017, their sizes and conditions for receiving them.

Benefits for single mothers for childbirth

If a woman is employed, already in the first stages you can request a small amount from your employer for pregnancy. To do this you should proceed in this order:

• Visit a antenatal clinic or medical facility.
• Find out the gestational age. If it is less than 12 weeks, you can continue processing.
• Receive a certificate indicating the relevant characteristics.
• Submit the received document to the accounting department.
• Receive transfer.

According to the law, in 2017 the amount of the subsidy is 581.73 rubles. The amount is insignificant, but if you wish, you can count on it.

Benefit for a single mother during childbirth

A more substantial benefit for single mothers in 2017, the amount of which depends on the salary, is issued at the time of childbirth. When an employee goes on leave due to maternity (childbirth), the employer is obliged to treat it as regular sick leave. In view of this, he pays it in the amount of his mother’s salary.

Read interesting material about the birth certificate in our article at the link.

The calculation is made in more detail according to the following criteria:

• All the employee’s income is summed up: salary, bonuses, incl. unscheduled, disability payments, compensation for advanced training.
• Information is taken for 24 months.
• The total size is divided by 730.
• The resulting value is multiplied by 30.4.

Amount of benefits for single mothers in 2017

The calculated average amount is payable in favor of the employee, and the prerequisite is a certificate of incapacity for work (sick leave). Maternity leave is 140 days (by law). If complications arise during childbirth, it is permissible to extend it for another 16 days. If the mother gave birth to twins or more children, the leave from the date of birth is 110 days. Payment is due for the entire period. If the month is incomplete, the average daily rate is determined from the average salary and multiplied by the number of vacation days.

If the employee’s salary is small, the state has provided limits below which she will not receive - 28,555 thousand rubles. If the birth took place with complications, the amount will be 31,818 thousand rubles, if twins or more were born - 39,569 thousand rubles. The maximum for these subsidies is also limited - 248, 276 and 343 thousand rubles, respectively.

A woman who does not work cannot receive these payments, because... payment is made by the employer at the expense of social payments previously paid to the budget from the employee’s salary. Only a student will receive a subsidy in the amount of her scholarship if she is a full-time student. The specialization and level of the educational institution in this case does not matter.

Registration of state assistance for birth

After the baby is born, each mother receives one-time assistance from the state. The workers are paid by the company, and the rest are paid by the social body protecting the population. The amount of benefit for a single mother increased in 2017 and is 15,512 rubles.

For registration you will need supporting documents:

• passport;
• data on the birth of the baby from the registry office (certificate);
• confirmation of single mother status.

In the absence of the latter, the mother is not recognized as single and additional information about the father and confirmation that he did not receive this financial assistance are required.

Employed mother

The status is verified by a certificate issued for the baby, where there is no information in the “father” column. If the father is not involved in parenting due to divorce, supporting information will be required.

This package of documents is transferred to the employer, who is obliged, after the expiration of the sick leave (maternity leave), to transfer to the employee the specified amount corresponding to the amount of the benefit for a single mother.

Stay-at-home mother

A non-working mother or student carries out registration through the Social Insurance Fund in accordance with the place of registration of the newborn. The same papers are needed, and in addition a copy of the ore document, because... information about the date of dismissal and place of work is required. The application includes the following fields to fill out:

• applicant data: personal, passport, registration;
• family status;
• characteristics of the newborn;
• information about other minor children;
• date of dismissal and place of work.

The standard procedure involves transferring to an employee of the social security agency. protection of an application from the mother or other person (guardian) with a package of documents. After 10 days, during which the application is considered, payments are assigned in favor of the mother.

Payments for child care

In 2017, child benefits are accrued to single mothers after the birth of the baby and up to 1.5 years. Registration takes place through the following institutions, according to the category of the mother:

• a company where a woman works;
• University, technical school or other institution where the mother is studying;
• Through the social security authority, if the woman is unemployed.
• The package of documents contains complete information:
• Applicant's passport.
• Certificate of registration of the child from the registry office.
• Similar certificates for all children, including adopted ones.
• Other confirmation of the status of a single mother, if this information is not contained in the child’s certificate.
• Certificate of completion of a full-time course. Provided by the institution itself if the applicant is a student.
• Information about the previous employer, if the woman is not currently performing work duties.

Amount of monthly benefit

The minimum amount of state assistance for a single mother in 2017 is provided for unemployed women, these include students and workers whose enterprises were liquidated while they were on sick leave during childbirth. It is about 2.9 thousand rubles. If the newborn is not the first child in the family, the amount increases to 5.8 thousand rubles. The mother receives this amount once a month after approval from the Social Insurance Fund and until the baby is one and a half years old.

The monthly benefit for a single mother in 2017 will be many times greater if she is officially employed. In this case, the size calculation is individual according to her income. Thus, the average level of profit is determined, which includes all receipts to the employee’s account for two years, including compensation and bonuses. 40% is calculated from the average parameter. This is exactly the amount a working woman is entitled to for caring for a newborn.

A prerequisite is that she is on vacation based on a pre-submitted application. The order for it must indicate the reason - providing care for a child under 1.5 years old. They begin to transfer money to the employee’s account upon completion of sick leave for childbirth. The subsidy is limited in the area of ​​maximum size - up to 21,554 thousand rubles.

Force majeure situations and their solutions

While on vacation and receiving child benefits, an unforeseen situation may occur, for example, the liquidation of a company. In this case, you should not worry, but act in this order:

• Obtain from the employer a copy of the order on leave to provide care for the baby.
• Request a certificate from the employer indicating the dates and amounts of transfers of this type of assistance.
• Prepare a certificate of the child, other children (if any) and a work book.
• Visit the protection authority (FSS), fill out an application and submit the papers.
• Wait for approval.
• Receive payments from this body in the previously calculated amount (40% of the salary).

Additional benefits and opportunities for single mothers

In addition to general conditions and benefits, single mothers may receive additional ones, if provided in a particular region. Local governments independently form their budgets and have the opportunity to increase some expenditure items. Likewise, the benefit for a single mother in 2017 may differ significantly in the regions. In some, they can be paid for a longer period - up to 3 years (instead of one and a half), up to 6, or until adulthood. In some areas there are programs to help unemployed single mothers. Benefits are provided for children reaching 14, 16 or 18 years of age. They can range from 150 to 1500 rubles in various areas. These criteria should be clarified in advance with the relevant structures.

Non-material benefits

In addition to monetary assistance, a single mother receives additional guarantees for her child:

• Registration for preschool institutions without the need for prior registration (no queue).
• Free meals at school (two meals a day).
• Providing school and office supplies free of charge.

A working single mother also has a number of privileges:

• An employer cannot fire an employee in this category. The only reason can be the liquidation of the company. But even in such a situation, he is obliged to provide assistance in finding employment. The rule applies until children reach 14 years of age.
• Sick leave for an employee necessary to care for a sick baby is paid at 100% of the salary.
• It is unacceptable to send an employee on a business trip (only with her written consent).
• She is not supposed to be assigned night shift.

Different situations require different design of benefits for single mothers, and the amounts of payments also vary depending on the mother’s employment.

A single mother is a woman who is not married and is raising a child or children alone, without a joint statement from the parents to register paternity rights when registering the child with the registry office. A single woman is often confused with a single woman (who has a child but no husband). In our case, we are talking about a woman whose child officially does not have a father. Such a mother does not have the opportunity to apply for the collection of alimony, because there is no one to legally collect it from.

If the father wants to obtain paternity rights, he can resolve this issue in court. If a woman does not want to register the second parent in the documents or he himself does not want to admit the fact of having a child, this can also be decided in court (Article 49 of the RF IC).

When a man was not officially married to a woman who has a child from him, but recognized the baby and after some time passed away, the fact of paternity is also established through special legal proceedings (Article 50 of the RF IC, paragraph 4, paragraph. 2 Article 264 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation).

When can a mother qualify for single status?

• If there is a dash in the “Father” column on the birth certificate.
• When the mother did not submit an application to the registry office to register paternity.
• The mother adopted the baby without being married.
• If a man disputes his paternity based on genetic testing, which was certified in court.
• When the birth occurred after 300 days from the date of divorce.
• In the case of adoption, when the mother was married, but the husband refused to accept these obligations.

The Moscow Civil Registry Office has given the following definition of a single mother: “A single mother is the mother of a child who is not married, or her marriage was dissolved, declared invalid by the court, or the husband of the child’s mother died, and from the date of dissolution of the marriage, recognition of it as invalid, or from the date More than three hundred days have passed before the death of the mother’s spouse before the child’s birth, and paternity of the child has not been established.”

1. An application, a sample of which is issued by the social protection authorities.
2. Passport or driver's license.
3. Baby's birth certificate.
4. Certificate of family composition.
5. On the right according to form No. 25, which is issued at the registry office. It contains information about where and when the child was born, his parents are indicated, the registration number and the name of the registry office where it was made.
6. An income certificate certifying that the woman needs social support from the state.
7. A certificate from the employment service, which states that the mother is not registered for unemployment and does not receive such benefits.

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, such matters are entitled to a monthly federal benefit, the amount of which depends on the specific region.

The general conditions that affect the amount of benefits for a single mother are:

• Fact of employment.
• Amount of children.
• Average family income per person.

Legally, such a woman is entitled to an amount that is equal to payments for children for two-parent families. The entire amount of payments at the state level is fixed in Federal Law No. 81-FZ of May 19, 1995 “On state benefits for citizens with children.”

An additional payment is the federal child benefit, the amount of which depends on the region. As a rule, we are talking about a small amount.

In order to receive such benefits, you need to contact the specialized state protection authorities, providing the following documents:

1. An application that also includes information about family income.
2. Child's birth certificate.
3. A certificate from the housing office confirming that the child lives with the mother.
4. Employment history.
5. Passport.
6. Coordinates of the card or bank account where the money will need to be transferred.

If verification of existing income is required, the social security authority provides a preliminary response to the applicant’s request within 10 days, indicating the need for additional verification. After all procedures have been completed, the final response is given no later than 30 days after the date of application.

If the mother is employed, after the birth of her second baby she can count on the same benefits as after the birth of her first. In this case, the amount of payments for a child under 1.5 years old increases, and the woman already has the right to maternity capital.

Regional maternity capital is usually prescribed after the birth of the third child, but the law provides for exceptions.

If a single mother doesn't work

Such women are entitled to less benefits than working women. Payments are usually minimal and are carried out through the Social Security authorities, and not through the Social Insurance Fund in the case of working people.

During pregnancy, such women are also not entitled to financial benefits. They are paid only a lump sum after childbirth and monthly until the child reaches 1.5 years of age.
There are a number of benefits that mothers who do not work can count on:

1. Child benefit for a low-income family, the amount of which is calculated individually.
2. Maternity capital for the second baby in the amount of RUB 453,026.00.
3. Monthly allowance for the third child until he reaches the age of three.

Students and military women are also officially equal to the status of non-workers. They are paid an amount equal to a scholarship or cash allowance.

Single mother - changes in legislation

Women who raise children without a father can enjoy a number of benefits and privileges, including:

1. Compensation for baby food until the child reaches three years of age.
2. Kindergarten without a queue. To do this, the mother needs to obtain a certificate and send it to the kindergarten. If the mother does not want to send her son or daughter to this institution, she has the right to receive compensation.
3. Benefits for paying for housing and communal services. This is a so-called subsidy, for which you need to apply to the responsible authorities.
4. No possibility of dismissal from work due to layoff. Dismissal can only occur in case of gross violation of labor discipline. These include theft, drunkenness, and truancy. The list also includes disclosure of trade secrets and forgery of documents.
5. Free two meals a day at school.
6. Prohibition on working night shifts, overtime and on weekends. This law is valid until the child turns 5 years old.

Single mother raising a disabled child

Mothers who have a disabled child under guardianship may qualify for additional monthly payments from the state:

1. In the case where official guardianship has been issued over the child, the payment amount is 2,000 rubles.
2. When the mother is also disabled, she is entitled to an increased pension.
3. Regional surcharges are possible, the amount of which depends on the legislative framework of a particular region.

Social guarantees provided in this case:

1. A woman must work part-time.
2. She is entitled to 4 days off, which are paid at the workers' rate.
3. The employer cannot fire the mother if she does not agree.
4. If a mother is raising a child under 18 years of age, she has the right to retire upon reaching 50 years of age.
5. A woman has the right to social housing.

Improving living conditions

A single mother does not have a priority right to housing. This becomes possible if the family has the status of needing improved housing conditions.

In Moscow there is a program “Affordable housing for young families”. According to its rules, if a mother is no more than 35 years old and is raising 1 or more children, she can become a participant in this program under the item “Providing housing for young families.”

Who is not recognized as single mothers?

1. If a mother is raising children after a divorce.
2. When a woman has a child within 300 days after the divorce or the same period after the death of her spouse. In this case, the ex-husband is recognized as the father (Article 48 Part 2 of the Family Code).
3. If paternity is established voluntarily or by court decision, but the woman still continues to raise the children herself.
4. Widow.
5. If the father is legally deprived of parental rights.

Even if a woman is not qualified for her position, by order of her superiors she cannot be dismissed from work until the child turns 14 years old. If the contract expires, management may dismiss, but provide continued employment. In this case, the job search should not exceed three months. During this period, the woman must receive the average salary from her previous place of work.
Sick leave is paid in full, regardless of its duration.

According to the law, if a child is between 7 and 15 years old, the mother has the right to take sick leave for up to 15 days. When outpatient treatment is indicated, wages are paid in full for the first 10 days. Starting from the 11th day, the salary is calculated at 50% of the rate.

As for leave, the mother is entitled to it every year. There are two types – paid and unpaid. The mother can take the second one at a time that is convenient for her.

If there is a need to get a job, and a woman has a son or daughter under 14 years of age in her care, the employer, in case of refusal of a job, must provide a written explanation where the reason must be substantiated. When a woman considers that the reason for refusal is unfounded, she can go to court to resolve this issue.

Can a single mother get a mortgage?

The bank does not provide separate lending conditions for this category of the population, however, if a woman has a stable income, she can easily get a mortgage. The presence of a husband in this case is not necessary. Family income is considered.

If a woman has two children, she will also need to prove her solvency. In this case, the income level must be high to cover the costs for three people. When you need to pay the down payment, you can use funds from maternity capital. Legislation provides for its use to improve living conditions. It can also be used to pay off the principal portion of the mortgage loan.

An initial fee

To date, there is no special program that would suggest taking out a mortgage without a down payment. Also, the state has not developed any legislative acts that would help a single mother repay a loan. There is a possibility of regional bills that could regulate this situation and provide assistance to single mothers in purchasing housing. Such possibilities need to be clarified locally with the administration of the locality.

Question answer

I'm a single mother. Recently, a man who is biologically the father of my child returned to the country. Can I file child support for him if, by law, I am raising a child alone?

In this case, a woman can file for alimony in court, but she will need to achieve recognition of paternity, voluntarily or forcibly.

Are there any benefits for providing vouchers for children to a sanatorium?

Eat. You need to contact the social protection center at your place of residence. In this case, it is necessary to draw up an application and a package of documents, which will be indicated there.

My child starts school in a year. Who can tell me what benefits may be provided if I am a single mother?

At school it will be possible to have two free meals a day at the expense of the state. If you live in Moscow, you can apply for training in art schools, sports and other specialized sections on preferential terms. The benefit amount is 30% below the regular cost.

If a single mother gets married and her husband does not adopt the child, does the woman still have this status?

After marriage, the status of children born before marriage remains the same.

The rights of single mothers are protected by law. However, before entering into labor, family and other types of relationships, you need to familiarize yourself with the legislative rationale that works in a particular case. A specialized lawyer who works in the field of Family or Labor Law will help with this.