One of the serious diseases that often occurs as a result of hypertension, as well as cerebral atherosclerosis, is stroke. Treatment of this disease, if successful, can prolong a person's life activity. The danger of a stroke lies in the high probability of negative consequences, because Quite often the consequence is disability.

Among older people, stroke is the most frequently reported cause of death.

A stroke is characterized by an acute circulatory disorder of the cerebral cortex, which results in damage and death of nerve cells.

Stroke is a number of other pathological conditions, including:

• Brain hemorrhage;
• Cerebral infarction;
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage.

There are two types of strokes:

• Ischemic;
• Hemorrhagic.

Not only do they differ in origin, but each of them is treated according to a different scheme.

Peculiarity ischemic Stroke is a disruption of the blood supply to certain areas in the cerebral cortex due to blockage of an artery by a thrombus or atherosclerotic plaque.

Hemorrhagic A stroke occurs when an artery ruptures and subsequent hemorrhage occurs. The cause of this type of disease is a rupture in an enlarged section of the artery due to a congenital pathology of the vessel, called an aneurysm, or a rupture of the artery, the background of which may be high blood pressure.

A stroke of any kind requires immediate action, medical attention and treatment. The clinical picture of hemorrhage develops so rapidly that the ability to cure the disease is limited by time. Only with timely provision of qualified assistance can brain damage be minimized, preventing complications from occurring in the future.

Stages of treatment

In order to know how to treat a stroke, it is necessary to imagine the sequence of the main stages of this process, consisting of:

• Emergency care;
• Inpatient treatment;
• Rehabilitation or sanatorium therapy.

Signs of a stroke

In order to promptly recognize the symptoms of a dangerous illness in a person, it is necessary to firmly remember them.

Signs of a stroke are:

• Sudden weakness;
• Paralysis or partial numbness of the muscles of the face or limbs (most often only on one side);
• Speech disorders;
• Deterioration of vision;
• The appearance of a strong and sharp headache;
• Dizziness;
• Loss of balance and coordination, gait disturbances.

A stroke often takes a person by surprise and at this moment it is very important that people around them show attention and provide first aid.

If you notice a passerby on the street behaving unnaturally, you should not think that he is drunk before a stroke check is performed according to the following plan:

Actions before the ambulance arrives

If there is a suspicion of a stroke, which can occur at any time - at home or on the street, You should do the following as quickly as possible:

• Place the patient on his back, try not to touch his head;
• Provide free access to fresh air, the source of which may be an open window or a fan. For the same purpose, it is necessary to exclude any compression of the body from a tight tie or collar or belt;
• If the patient shows signs of vomiting, it is necessary turn his head in any direction to avoid vomit getting into the bronchi area;
• If possible a cold compress will help, placed on the head or a heating pad with ice;
• The patient, if he is conscious, can ask about his hypertension and give him a pill under the tongue (often hypertensive patients hold the necessary medicines in your pocket);
• Preliminary blood pressure measurement- one of the useful actions that can be performed with a special apparatus at hand;
• A distraction procedure that can be performed at home is placement of mustard plasters in the calf area on the legs.

Help and first actions of medical workers

In the first minutes after arriving at the location of a person suffering from a stroke, the ambulance team specialists assess the severity of the patient’s condition. Their main task is to transport the patient to a hospital equipped with an intensive care unit.

During transportation the following is carried out:

• Blood pressure measurements;
• Administration of drugs that correct the functioning of the cardiac and respiratory systems.

We do not transport patients who:

• They were found in a coma;
• If they have circulatory disorders in the brain in terminal conditions of various pathologies of internal organs or tumors.

Patients with such deviations are provided with symptomatic care, after which the call is transferred to the clinic.

Which department are they admitted to for a stroke?

After hospitalization of the victim, treatment of cerebral stroke in hospital begins with his placement in the intensive care unit or intensive care unit. This requires the presence of an appropriate department in the clinic, equipped with special equipment and qualified personnel.

Patients are examined by a neurologist. Consultation with a neurosurgeon may be required. The treatment regimen, as well as which department the patient will be in, is determined by the doctor depending on the established type and severity of the disease. The main tasks of a hospital depend on the type of disease.

Treatment in a hospital. Drugs.

Treatment for hemorrhagic stroke.

To treat the brain with the development of hemorrhagic stroke, therapy should include a number of specific tasks, these are:

• Elimination of swelling in brain tissue;
• Reduced intracranial and blood pressure;
• Treatment aimed at increasing blood clotting and the density of vascular walls.

During all actions of the medical staff, a certain position of the patient on the bed is observed. For this, a functional bed with a raised headboard is used. Ice is placed on the patient's head and warming pads are placed on the patient's feet. Relaxing the muscles will help ensure that the popliteal bend is created. For the same purpose, you can place a cushion under your knees.

Drug treatment includes the use of the following drugs for intravenous drip use:

• Magnesium sulfate;
• Dibazol;
• Aminazine;
• Pentamin.

Due to the increased risk of decreased blood clotting, medications that activate thrombosis in blood vessels can be administered. This type of therapy should be carried out under the supervision of a laboratory blood test for a coagulogram.

In the first 2-3 days the following are prescribed:

• Calcium chloride;
• Vikasol;
• Aminocaproic acid.

In cases where on the third day after a stroke there are pronounced signs of atherosclerosis and subarachnoid hemorrhage, proteolytic enzymes can be prescribed:

• Gordoks;
• Contrikal.

One of the effective modern drugs used in the treatment of cerebral stroke is Etamsilate. It allows you to stop blood loss, improve microcirculation in damaged areas of the brain, and normalize vascular permeability. At the same time it serves as an excellent antioxidant.

If cerebral edema has pronounced meningeal symptoms, a spinal puncture should be performed with caution, during which cerebrospinal fluid is extracted in small quantities.

Treatment for ischemic stroke

In case of the second type of brain stroke, the actions of specialists will be aimed at solving the following problems:

• Improving blood supply to tissues;
• Formation of increased resistance to oxygen deficiency;
• Introduction of drugs to improve metabolism in surviving cells.

The patient's position in bed should be comfortable, but his head should not be raised as high as it should be for a hemorrhagic stroke.

For ischemic stroke, treatment must necessarily include vasodilators. To a greater extent, collaterals are used, which are auxiliary capillaries that can partially replace natural ones.

For this purpose, the following products are used in the form of solutions for intravenous drip:

• Eufillin;
• No-shpa;
• Papaverine;
• Nicotinic acid;
• Complamin.

Used medicine to improve hemodilution - Reopoliglucin, which improves blood supply by reducing blood clotting.

Medical monitoring and treatment includes careful measurement of the volume of injected fluid, which in excess amounts can pose a risk of increased tissue swelling. The use of diuretics also requires caution, especially if there is hypertension.

Anticoagulants are used simultaneously with fibrinolytic agents. The important term “golden hour” is used in stroke therapy. It serves as an indicator of the maximum effectiveness of administering medications to reduce blood clotting, as well as for prognosis of the disease.

Due to too long transportation to the clinic, it becomes difficult to determine the difference between different types of stroke and provide the correct assistance in treatment, and its optimal time is missed.

On the first day, ischemic stroke is treated by administering a solution of Fibrinolysin with Heparin.

After this, the treatment regimen includes:

• Intramuscular injection of Heparin;
• After 3-5 days, it is recommended to switch to Phenilin and Dicoumarin.

When treating young patients and middle-aged people, Pentoxifylline is used, which helps improve blood density.

Elderly patients are prescribed for treatment:

• Parmidine;
• Xanthinol nicotinate;
• Anaprilin (with existing tachycardia);
• Cavinton, Cinnarizine (allows you to improve vascular tone).

Medicine has found that in case of ischemic stroke, the combined use of Curantil and Aspirin will help reduce the risk of re-development of the pathology.

The patient's agitation syndrome can be cured by prescribing barbiturates. Metabolic failure should be treated with drugs of the metabolite class (Piracetam, Aminalon, Cerebrolysin), which also help to increase the resistance of cells to a lack of oxygen.

Surgical methods

Sometimes a stroke can be overcome with surgery. If a patient has been diagnosed with a hemorrhagic stroke, then surgical treatment methods can be used only if they are young or middle-aged, and also if lateral hematomas and hemorrhages in the cerebellar area have been diagnosed.

Indications for the operation are:

• Impossibility of relieving cerebral edema by other means;
• The appearance of signs of compression by a hematoma;
• Suspicions of the possibility of repeated hemorrhage in the area of ​​the brainstem or hemispheres.

The best time for surgery is 1-2 days. The hematoma is opened and removed. If ruptures of a cerebral aneurysm are detected, the vessel is ligated.

Surgical treatments for ischemia are used in rare cases. Indications for surgery are the diagnosis of narrowing of the carotid, vertebral or subclavian arteries causing pathology.

Patient care

In order to recover from a stroke, it is very important to provide proper care to the patient.

Care measures during inpatient treatment include:

• A certain diet, including juices, liquid high-calorie meals;
• In a comatose state, nutrition is provided using a tube;
• Prevention of congestion in the lungs and bedsores, for which the patient is turned over every 2-3 hours, a rubber circle is placed in the sacral area, and tight rings are placed under the heels;
• Monitor the cleanliness of bed linen and prevent high humidity;
• The skin should be treated with a weak solution of manganese, camphor alcohol or solcoseryl ointment;
• The oral cavity is treated with boric acid;
• A catheter is used to drain urine, and for constipation, laxatives are given and an enema is performed.

Rehabilitation

The consequences of a stroke can be safely eliminated with well-organized rehabilitation.

Help for a brain stroke survivor should include the following measures and actions:

• Gentle massage of the limbs from the second week of illness;
• Therapeutic exercise, promoting the restoration of motor functions with a gradual increase in intensity.
• Kinesiotherapy, developing fine hand movements, helping the patient with self-care in new conditions;
• Water procedures aimed at stretching muscles, oxygen baths, hydromassage.

With correctly taken therapeutic measures for stroke, as well as well-organized rehabilitation, up to 70% of people who have suffered a cerebral stroke return to independent life.

The best period for rehabilitation measures and assistance is the first three years, during which you need to be patient and have faith in success.

Video

Sergey:
Hello. My mother is 81 years old; she was discharged from the hospital with a diagnosis of “acute ischemic stroke in the internal capsule of the left hemisphere” 19 days after admission. At the same time, at the time of discharge: deep right-sided hemiparesis, sensorimotor aphasia, severe cognitive impairment, impaired mobility, impaired pelvic organ function, plus some concomitant diseases remain. I have a question: is 19 days of hospital stay enough for such a diagnosis? So what to do next?

Doctor's answer: Hello, Sergey.
The number of days of hospital stay for certain conditions and diagnoses is clearly regulated by treatment standards developed by the Ministry of Health. Accordingly, payment for treatment under a compulsory health insurance policy is also made taking into account these standards.

The duration of inpatient treatment for patients with acute disturbance of cerebral blood supply without impairment of vital functions is 21 days, with impairment of vital functions - up to 30 days. The vital functions of the body include: breathing, level of consciousness, function of the cardiovascular system. From your description it follows that these functions of your mother are not impaired, which means that according to treatment standards, the duration of hospitalization should have been up to 21 days. Stroke is an extremely severe acute pathology of the brain, which leads to severe irreversible consequences. This suggests that even with full possible rehabilitation, the patient’s condition may remain unsatisfactory.

After discharge from the hospital, your mother should be under the supervision of a local physician and a specialist neurologist at her place of residence. You need to contact your local clinic and call your local doctor at home. Upon discharge, you should have been given recommendations for further treatment, which included a list of medications, their dosages and administration tactics, all of which is indicated on the discharge form. Also, if there is a need for additional treatment, for example, planned surgery on the blood vessels of the central nervous system, this will also be indicated in the extract.

These recommendations must be strictly followed. On average, these recommendations last for 1 month; further treatment and rehabilitation are prescribed by doctors at the place of residence. The rehabilitation complex should include drug therapy, physiotherapeutic procedures, massage, physical therapy classes, and classes with a speech therapist. In the absence of positive dynamics or incomplete recovery, after 90 days from the moment of the stroke, the patient is referred to the medical examination to decide on the assignment of a disability group and the development of an individual rehabilitation program.

website - a medical portal about the heart and blood vessels. Here you will find information about the causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, traditional and folk methods of treating cardiac diseases in adults and children. And also about how to keep the heart healthy and blood vessels clean until old age.

Do not use the information posted on the site without first consulting your doctor!

The authors of the site are practicing medical specialists. Each article is a concentrate of their personal experience and knowledge, honed over years of study at the university, received from colleagues and in the process of postgraduate training. They not only share unique information in articles, but also conduct a virtual consultation - answer questions you ask in the comments, give recommendations, help you understand the results of examinations and prescriptions.

All topics, even those that are very difficult to understand, are presented in simple, understandable language and are intended for readers without medical training. For your convenience, all topics are divided into sections.

Arrhythmia

According to the World Health Organization, arrhythmias, irregular heartbeats, affect more than 40% of people over 50 years of age. However, they are not the only ones. This insidious disease is detected even in children and often in the first or second year of life. Why is he cunning? And because it sometimes disguises pathologies of other vital organs as heart disease. Another unpleasant feature of arrhythmia is the secrecy of its course: until the disease goes too far, you may not be aware of it...

• how to detect arrhythmia at an early stage;
• which forms are the most dangerous and why;
• when is enough for the patient, and in what cases is surgery indispensable;
• how and how long do they live with arrhythmia;
• which attacks of arrhythmia require an immediate call to the ambulance, and for which it is enough to take a sedative pill.

And also everything about the symptoms, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of various types of arrhythmias.

Atherosclerosis

The fact that excess cholesterol in food plays a major role in the development of atherosclerosis is written in all newspapers, but why then in families where everyone eats the same, only one person often gets sick? Atherosclerosis has been known for more than a century, but much of its nature remains unsolved. Is this a reason to despair? Of course not! The site’s specialists tell you what successes modern medicine has achieved in the fight against this disease, how to prevent it and how to effectively treat it.

• why margarine is more harmful than butter for people with vascular damage;
• and why it is dangerous;
• why cholesterol-free diets don't help;
• what will patients with;
• how to avoid and maintain mental clarity into old age.

Heart disease

In addition to angina pectoris, hypertension, myocardial infarction and congenital heart defects, there are many other cardiac ailments that many have never heard of. Did you know, for example, that it is not only a planet, but also a diagnosis? Or that a tumor can grow in the heart muscle? The section of the same name talks about these and other heart diseases in adults and children.

• and how to provide emergency care to a patient in this condition;
• what to do and what to do so that the first does not turn into the second;
• why the heart of alcoholics increases in size;
• Why is mitral valve prolapse dangerous?
• What symptoms can you use to suspect that you and your child have heart disease?
• which cardiac diseases are more threatening to women and which ones to men.

Vascular diseases

Vessels permeate the entire human body, so the symptoms of their damage are very, very diverse. Many vascular diseases do not bother the patient much at first, but lead to serious complications, disability and even death. Can a person without medical education identify vascular pathology in himself? Of course, yes, if he knows their clinical manifestations, which this section will talk about.

In addition, here is the information:

• about medications and folk remedies for the treatment of blood vessels;
• about which doctor to contact if you suspect vascular problems;
• what vascular pathologies are deadly;
• what causes veins to swell;
• How to keep your veins and arteries healthy for life.

Varicose veins

Varicose veins (varicose veins) are a disease in which the lumens of some veins (legs, esophagus, rectum, etc.) become too wide, which leads to impaired blood flow in the affected organ or part of the body. In advanced cases, this disease is cured with great difficulty, but at the first stage it can be curbed. Read how to do this in the “Varicose veins” section.

You will also learn from it:

• what ointments exist for the treatment of varicose veins and which one is more effective;
• why doctors prohibit some patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities from running;
• and who it threatens;
• how to strengthen veins with folk remedies;
• how to avoid blood clots in affected veins.

Pressure

- such a common illness that many consider it... a normal condition. Hence the statistics: only 9% of people suffering from high blood pressure keep it under control. And 20% of hypertensive patients even consider themselves healthy, since their disease is asymptomatic. But the risk of getting a heart attack or stroke is no less! Although it is less dangerous than high, it also causes a lot of problems and threatens with serious complications.

In addition, you will learn:

• how to “deceive” heredity if both parents suffered from hypertension;
• how to help yourself and your loved ones during a hypertensive crisis;
• why blood pressure increases at a young age;
• how to keep your blood pressure under control without medications by eating herbs and certain foods.

Diagnostics

The section devoted to the diagnosis of heart and vascular diseases contains articles about the types of examinations that cardiac patients undergo. And also about indications and contraindications to them, interpretation of results, effectiveness and procedures.

You will also find answers to questions here:

• what types of diagnostic tests even healthy people should undergo;
• why is angiography prescribed for those who have suffered a myocardial infarction and stroke;

Stroke

Stroke (acute cerebrovascular accident) is consistently among the ten most dangerous diseases. People at greatest risk of developing it are people over 55 years of age, hypertensive patients, smokers and those who suffer from depression. It turns out that optimism and good nature reduce the risk of strokes by almost 2 times! But there are other factors that effectively help avoid it.

The section dedicated to strokes talks about the causes, types, symptoms and treatment of this insidious disease. And also about rehabilitation measures that help restore lost functions to those who have suffered from it.

In addition, here you will learn:

• about the differences in clinical manifestations of strokes in men and women;
• about what a pre-stroke condition is;
• about folk remedies for treating the consequences of strokes;
• about modern methods of rapid recovery after a stroke.

Heart attack

Myocardial infarction is considered to be a disease of older men. But the greatest danger it poses is not for them, but for people of working age and women over 75 years of age. It is in these groups that mortality rates are highest. However, no one should relax: today heart attacks overtake even the young, athletic and healthy. More precisely, underexamined.

In the “Heart Attack” section, experts talk about everything that is important to know for everyone who wants to avoid this disease. And those who have already suffered a myocardial infarction will find here many useful tips on treatment and rehabilitation.

• about what diseases a heart attack is sometimes disguised as;
• how to provide emergency care for acute pain in the heart area;
• about differences in the clinical picture and course of myocardial infarction in men and women;
• about an anti-heart attack diet and a heart-safe lifestyle;
• about why a person suffering from a heart attack must be taken to a doctor within 90 minutes.

Pulse abnormalities

When we talk about pulse abnormalities, we usually mean its frequency. However, the doctor evaluates not only the speed of the patient’s heartbeat, but also other indicators of the pulse wave: rhythm, filling, tension, shape... The Roman surgeon Galen once described as many as 27 of its characteristics!

Changes in individual pulse parameters reflect the state of not only the heart and blood vessels, but also other body systems, for example, the endocrine. Want to know more about this? Read the materials in the section.

Here you will find answers to questions:

• why, if you complain of pulse irregularities, you may be referred for a thyroid examination;
• whether a slow heart rate (bradycardia) can cause cardiac arrest;
• what does it mean and why is it dangerous;
• how heart rate and the rate of fat burning when losing weight are interconnected.

Operations

Many heart and vascular diseases, which 20–30 years ago doomed people to lifelong disability, can now be successfully cured. Typically surgically. Modern cardiac surgery saves even those who until recently were given no chance to live. And most operations are now performed through tiny punctures, rather than incisions, as before. This not only gives a high cosmetic effect, but is also much easier to tolerate. It also reduces the postoperative rehabilitation time by several times.

In the “Operations” section you will find materials about surgical methods for treating varicose veins, vascular bypass surgery, installation of intravascular stents, prosthetic heart valves and much more.

You will also learn:

• which technique does not leave scars;
• how operations on the heart and blood vessels affect the patient’s quality of life;
• what are the differences between operations and vessels;
• for what diseases is it performed and what is the duration of a healthy life after it;
• What is better for heart disease - to be treated with pills and injections or to undergo surgery.

Rest

“Rest” includes materials that do not correspond to the topics of other sections of the site. Here you can find information about rare cardiac diseases, myths, misconceptions and interesting facts regarding heart health, unclear symptoms and their significance, the achievements of modern cardiology and much more.

• about providing first aid to yourself and others in various emergency conditions;
• about the child;
• about acute bleeding and methods to stop it;
• o and eating habits;
• about folk methods of strengthening and healing the cardiovascular system.

Drugs

“Drugs” is perhaps the most important section of the site. After all, the most valuable information about a disease is how to treat it. We do not provide here magical recipes for curing serious illnesses with one tablet; we honestly and truthfully tell everything about the drugs as they are. What are they good for and what are they bad for, for whom are they indicated and contraindicated, how do they differ from analogues and how do they affect the body. These are not calls for self-medication, this is necessary so that you have good command of the “weapons” with which you have to fight the disease.

Here you will find:

• reviews and comparisons of drug groups;
• information about what can be taken without a doctor’s prescription and what should not be taken under any circumstances;
• a list of reasons for choosing one or another means;
• information about cheap analogues of expensive imported drugs;
• data on the side effects of heart drugs that manufacturers are silent about.

And many, many more important, useful and valuable things that will make you healthier, stronger and happier!

May your heart and blood vessels always be healthy!

Inna Naumova, Woman, 68 years old

Hello! A resident of the city of Novotroitsk, Orenburg region, is contacting you. My appeal is related to the need to find out the timing of inpatient treatment for a massive ischemic stroke with cerebral edema and paralysis of the left side of the body. It was with this diagnosis that my mother, Nadezhda Fedorovna Naumova, 68 years old, was taken on 02/04/201 to the State Autonomous Institution "Emergency Medical Care Hospital of the city of Novotroitsk". During a conversation with the attending physician, I was told that my mother would only stay in the hospital of this medical institution for 16 days from the date of admission. I believe that the specialist did not name the period correctly, since the time the sick mother spent in hospital treatment is too short and is suitable for other categories of stroke without damage to vital organs and the cerebral circulatory system. Please answer, how many days should my mother, Nadezhda Fedorovna Naumova, undergo treatment? What documents can I refer to when talking with my doctor? Can a medical institution refuse to extend the treatment period to 21 days? Sincerely, Naumova Inna Aleksandrovna

Inna Alexandrovna, hello. Essentially. The question of the length of stay in a hospital is more legal than therapeutic. And, perhaps, in different regions and different types of medical institutions, these periods may differ. If you have any mistrust of the words of the attending doctor, then you can approach the deputy chief physician of the hospital and ask to answer the questions that you addressed to me. From practice. The length of stay in the hospital does not depend on the severity. The fact is that the resulting disturbances (movement, speech, swallowing) will take a long time to recover, perhaps several months, or may not recover. Therefore, demanding that doctors “cure” these disorders is demanding the impossible. Patients are detained in the hospital if there is a life-threatening condition. Such as a developed heart attack, if there is a high temperature or high blood sugar levels... Very often, the patient’s relatives think it is very important to extend the length of stay in the hospital. But, as a rule, the patient’s condition remains approximately the same after 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Therefore, whether the patient will be discharged a little earlier or later is, in fact, not such a fundamental question. Personal opinion. I think that the greatest benefit to a seriously ill person will come from friendly and mutually respectful communication between the doctor and relatives. The main question for both should be how to help the patient recover. The doctor has great knowledge and experience in these matters. Therefore, the best thing you can do is ask: “Doctor, how can we help?” Please remember that this is not a consultation, but my opinion regarding your letter. Sincerely, Nikolai Nikolaevich

The incidence of strokes in Russia is very high, and out of every ten stroke patients, eight people end up in the clinic with an ischemic stroke, and two people with hemorrhage. Both types of damage provoke serious consequences, and they usually happen unforeseen. In this case, the question becomes relevant: how long are stroke patients treated, how long do they stay in the hospital after a stroke, and what are the prognoses for home treatment.

Main stages of therapy: timing and features

In case of stroke, care for patients can be divided into several stages:

• pre-hospital care - provided by others or a team of doctors before admission to a medical facility;
• providing assistance in the clinic - performing an operation or treatment in the intensive care unit, intensive care unit;
• the patient's stay in the general ward.

If we can say about the first two stages that the length of stay there is unpredictable and depends on the health of the patient and his condition after the operation, then the third stage is regulated by law. There are regulations from the Ministry of Health, according to which stroke patients, after passing through the acute period, are transferred to a general ward, the duration of stay in it is from 21 to 30 days.

Patients whose vital functions are not impaired are kept in an intensive care ward for three weeks. Simply put, these are those patients with a mild form of stroke in whom the body has found the strength to restore activities that were not seriously affected.

Stroke patients with more serious disorders, whose body was unable to overcome the abnormalities caused by the stroke, remain in a stable and serious condition for 30 days. If even after thirty days in the clinic the patient’s condition does not improve, a medical and social examination is carried out, recording the condition of the stroke patient after the end of the expected recovery, the extent of the remaining disorders, and their threat to human life. The conclusion of the medical and social examination is a decision on the advisability of the patient’s continued stay in the clinic, drawing up a plan for the patient’s recovery.

Features of resuscitation and its timing

The ICU will maintain vital signs for three weeks in most cases. All this time, doctors maintain the body’s activity as much as possible and do everything to prevent the situation from worsening. The main problem at this time is the inadequate activity of parts of the brain and those structures where the consequences of an ischemic stroke remain.

When undergoing surgery due to hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral edema becomes a threatening condition, which can lead to death. The main indicators of the patient’s body and his brain are recorded by devices; if the situation worsens, doctors in the department urgently carry out resuscitation measures. Usually, within three weeks in intensive care, it is possible to avoid threatening conditions and stabilize the patients’ vital signs. In the future, care for a bedridden patient is carried out in the general ward.

Features of hospitalization for stroke are manifested in the volume of disorders that formed in the patient after acute oxygen deprivation of the brain or hemorrhage. The following factors influence how long treatment lasts:

• the location of the focus of ischemia or hemorrhage and its size - the larger the volume of damage, the longer the patient remains under treatment;
• severity of clinical signs of pathology;
• degree of depression of consciousness - for example, in a comatose state, a stroke patient is placed in intensive care and will not be placed in the intensive care ward until consciousness returns to him;
• level of preservation of vital functions;
• monitoring blood pressure readings to avoid relapse of an attack;
• presence of additional complications.

Treatment for stroke in intensive care has two directions: patients are given basic therapy, as well as specific therapy, depending on the needs of each patient.

Basic therapy includes respiratory and hemodynamic support. It is very important to combat possible cerebral edema, which can cause death, to prevent vomiting and psychomotor overexcitement. At the same time, the patient’s nutrition is adjusted and hygienic care is provided.

Specialized care for hemorrhagic stroke depends on the patient’s condition; at the initial stage, pressure correction is achieved and surgical intervention is performed. For ischemic stroke, help is aimed at reducing hypoxia and activating metabolic processes. If help was provided in a timely manner, the length of stay in the clinic is reduced. It is difficult to talk about how long intensive care will take and when the patient will be transferred to the department. It all depends on the extent of the damage and the body’s recovery capabilities. Typically, recovery is faster in younger people.

Stay in the ward

Patients can be transferred to a general ward if the health criteria meet the established ones:

• The patient’s blood pressure level has stabilized and heart function has normalized;
• the patient can breathe independently without the support of devices;
• the doctor and attendants can communicate with the patient - understanding simple requests, performing movements, if possible;
• the patient’s ability to ask for help independently;
• if the risk of rebleeding has subsided.

As soon as the patient's condition begins to meet these criteria and the patient gets better, he is transferred to the general ward in the stroke department. Recovery and treatment continue in the general ward, where stroke patients begin to resume their lost functions. To do this, specialist doctors work with them.

Loss of ability to work: features, timing

If a patient has a stroke, he becomes temporarily disabled. The official diagnosis is called “acute cerebrovascular accident.” The recovery period after illness varies from person to person. It depends both on the amount of damage received and on the rate of recovery of the patient.

If a patient is diagnosed with a subarachnoid hemorrhage or a small-volume stroke, recovery will take an average of about three months. At the same time, he will remain in the hospital for three weeks of which, and the rest of the treatment with a microstroke is carried out on an outpatient basis. For a moderate stroke, hospitalization will take thirty days, and overall treatment will take three to four months. In case of severe damage, the chances of a quick recovery are significantly reduced, so the stay in the clinic is extended - in addition to the usual period of treatment, a medical and social examination is carried out, based on the results of which the therapy is extended. The patient can be assigned a disability group, a recovery plan for the patient is drawn up, and then he is discharged. Relatives have to care for the sick.

In case of a stroke due to the rupture of a blood vessel aneurysm, the recovery time for patients is different. If the hemorrhage is small and surgery is not performed, then a person can stay in the clinic for about two months, and the same amount of time is given for outpatient treatment. In total, incapacity for work lasts about four months. If there is a relapse, the sick leave is extended for another six weeks, and if the dynamics are positive, the patient’s full recovery can take up to eight months.

When an aneurysm is operated on, people remain in the hospital for at least four months. If complications arise, the patient stays in the hospital longer after a stroke. In the future, sick leave is extended taking into account the patient’s recovery rate.